[Gorzsa tell településről előkerült kőeszközök nyersanyag típusai (DK Magyarország; Tisza kultúra, Neolitikum)]

Gy. Szakmány¹, E. Starnini², F. Horváth³

A multidisciplinary study of the stone tool assemblage from the Late Neolithic, Tisza Culture, tell settlement of Hódmezővásárhely-Gorzsa is in progress, involving traditional typological classification of instruments combined with functional analyses and archaeometric analyses for the study of raw material provenance. A preliminary report on the results of the analyses of the polished and ground of the stone assemblage from this tell-site will be presented.

In terms of absolute chronology, ¹⁴C calibrated dates place the occupation of the tell roughly between 4970 and 4380 BC. The site lies at the confluence of the Tisza and Maros rivers in the Great Hungarian Plain, where stone resources are not directly available and had to be acquired from distant areas. During several seasons of excavations, conducted from 1978 to 1996, ca 1000 square meters of the tell settlement were investigated and several stone artefacts were collected.

Studies of ceramics have shown that the people of Gorzsa had extensive cultural and economic relationships with neighbouring sites and archaeological cultures. Provenance studies of the rocks employed for the stone assemblage have suggested similar results, enlarging the range of possible cultural connections.

Raw material determination was conducted both macroscopically and with scientific analyses, involving traditional OM in thin section with a polarized light microscope combined with the measurement of the Magnetic Susceptibility; future archaeometric investigations will include also XRD and PGAA analyses on significant samples, in the attempt at restricting their provenance area. This research hopefully will help broaden the perspective for the correct interpretation of the long life-span stratigraphy of a tell settlement in the Great Hungarian Plain, with a significant contribute to the reconstruction of the cultural connection network in the Late Neolithic of the Carpathian Basin.