| Author | Title | Year | Journal/Proceedings | BibTeX type | DOI/URL | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Archeometriai Műhely 2007/1. szám
|
Miklós Kretzoi and the interdisciplinary aspects of archaeology [BibTeX] |
2007 | Archeometriai Műhely 4(1), pp. 01-70 |
article | URL | |
BibTeX:
@article{ArcheometriaiMuhely2007_1,
author = {Archeometriai Műhely 2007/1. szám,},
title = {Miklós Kretzoi and the interdisciplinary aspects of archaeology},
journal = {Archeometriai Műhely},
year = {2007},
volume = {4},
number = {1},
pages = {01-70},
url = {http://www.ace.hu/am/2007_1/2007_1_contents.html}
}
|
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Archeometriai Műhely 2009/1. szám
|
A geokémiai interpretáció jelentősége az archeometriai kutatásban. Előadóülés az MTA Geokémiai Kutatóintézetben 'A Magyar Tudomány Ünnepe' alkalmából, 2008. november 19. [BibTeX] |
2009 | Archeometriai Műhely 6(1), pp. 01-94 |
article | URL | |
BibTeX:
@article{ArcheometriaiMuhely2009_1,
author = {Archeometriai Műhely 2009/1. szám,},
title = {A geokémiai interpretáció jelentősége az archeometriai kutatásban. Előadóülés az MTA Geokémiai Kutatóintézetben 'A Magyar Tudomány Ünnepe' alkalmából, 2008. november 19.},
journal = {Archeometriai Műhely},
year = {2009},
volume = {6},
number = {1},
pages = {01-94},
url = {http://www.ace.hu/am/2009_1/2009_1_tartalom.html}
}
|
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Archeometriai Műhely 2009/2. szám
|
Régészet - Geológia - Talajtan - hogy is állunk a környezet-rekonstrukcióval? 2009. március 31 vitaülés előadásaiból / Archaeology - Geology - Pedology: actual issues of environmental reconstruction. Lectures from the meeting of the Archaeometry Workshop on 31st March 2009 [BibTeX] |
2009 | Archeometriai Műhely 6(2), pp. 01-65 |
article | URL | |
BibTeX:
@article{ArcheometriaiMuhely2009_2,
author = {Archeometriai Műhely 2009/2. szám,},
title = {Régészet - Geológia - Talajtan - hogy is állunk a környezet-rekonstrukcióval? 2009. március 31 vitaülés előadásaiból / Archaeology - Geology - Pedology: actual issues of environmental reconstruction. Lectures from the meeting of the Archaeometry Workshop on 31st March 2009},
journal = {Archeometriai Műhely},
year = {2009},
volume = {6},
number = {2},
pages = {01-65},
url = {http://www.ace.hu/am/2009_2/2009_2_tartalom.html}
}
|
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Archeometriai Műhely 2009/3. szám
|
Kora-neolitikus közösségek kőeszközeinek archeometriai vizsgálata Prompt Gamma Aktivációs Analízissel [BibTeX] |
2009 | Archeometriai Műhely 6(3), pp. 01-56 |
article | URL | |
BibTeX:
@article{ArcheometriaiMuhely2009_3,
author = {Archeometriai Műhely 2009/3. szám,},
title = {Kora-neolitikus közösségek kőeszközeinek archeometriai vizsgálata Prompt Gamma Aktivációs Analízissel},
journal = {Archeometriai Műhely},
year = {2009},
volume = {6},
number = {3},
pages = {01-56},
url = {http://www.ace.hu/am/2009_3/2009_3_tartalom.html}
}
|
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Archeometriai Műhely 2009/4. szám
|
Szemelvények a 'Természettudományos vizsgálatok régészeti és művészettörténeti alkalmazása fiatal kutatók előadásában' c. archeometriai előadóülés anyagából [BibTeX] |
2009 | Archeometriai Műhely 6(4), pp. 01-64 |
article | URL | |
BibTeX:
@article{ArcheometriaiMuhely2009_4,
author = {Archeometriai Műhely 2009/4. szám,},
title = {Szemelvények a 'Természettudományos vizsgálatok régészeti és művészettörténeti alkalmazása fiatal kutatók előadásában' c. archeometriai előadóülés anyagából},
journal = {Archeometriai Műhely},
year = {2009},
volume = {6},
number = {4},
pages = {01-64},
url = {http://www.ace.hu/am/2009_4/2009_4_tartalom.html}
}
|
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Archeometriai Műhely 2010/3 szám
|
IMA WS2: Siliceous rocks and their nomenclature - an interface of mineralogy, petrography and archeology. Előadások az IMA kongresszus WSC2 workshop találkozóján (Budapest, MNM 2010. augusztus 24) [BibTeX] |
2010 | Archeometriai Műhely 7(3), pp. 163-214 |
article | URL | |
BibTeX:
@article{ArcheometriaiMuhely2010_3,
author = {Archeometriai Műhely 2010/3 szám,},
title = {IMA WS2: Siliceous rocks and their nomenclature - an interface of mineralogy, petrography and archeology. Előadások az IMA kongresszus WSC2 workshop találkozóján (Budapest, MNM 2010. augusztus 24)},
journal = {Archeometriai Műhely},
year = {2010},
volume = {7},
number = {3},
pages = {163-214},
url = {http://www.ace.hu/am/2010_3/2010_3_contents.html}
}
|
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Archeometriai Műhely 2011/1. szám
|
Szemelvények a ?Magyar archeometriai előadások a budapesti IMA 2010 világkonferencián? c. előadóülés anyagából (GKKI, 2010.11..17) [BibTeX] |
2011 | Archeometriai Műhely 8(1), pp. 1-84 |
article | URL | |
BibTeX:
@article{AM2011_1,
author = {Archeometriai Műhely 2011/1. szám,},
title = {Szemelvények a ?Magyar archeometriai előadások a budapesti IMA 2010 világkonferencián? c. előadóülés anyagából (GKKI, 2010.11..17)},
journal = {Archeometriai Műhely},
year = {2011},
volume = {8},
number = {1},
pages = {1-84},
url = {http://www.ace.hu/am/2011_1/2011_1_contents.html}
}
|
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Archeometriai Műhely 2011/2. szám
|
Archeomalakológiai Konferencia ? Krolopp Endre emlékülés 2011. március 29. / Archaeomalacological Workshop ? Memorial session in honour of Endre Krolopp, malacologist (1935-2010) [BibTeX] |
2011 | Archeometriai Műhely 8(2), pp. 101-208 |
article | URL | |
BibTeX:
@article{AM2011_2,
author = {Archeometriai Műhely 2011/2. szám,},
title = {Archeomalakológiai Konferencia ? Krolopp Endre emlékülés 2011. március 29. / Archaeomalacological Workshop ? Memorial session in honour of Endre Krolopp, malacologist (1935-2010)},
journal = {Archeometriai Műhely},
year = {2011},
volume = {8},
number = {2},
pages = {101-208},
url = {http://www.ace.hu/am/2011_2/2011_2_contents.html}
}
|
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Bacci
|
Non-invasive instrumentation for diagnostics and colour control | 2006 | Archeometriai Műhely 3(1), pp. 46-50 |
article | URL | |
| Abstract: The fact that every work of art is a unique piece emphasises the necessity of working with non-invasive methodologies. In this communication instruments developed at IFAC-CNR, Florence, and their application to actual cases will be presented. Such instrumentation is based on spectroscopic techniques, namely image spectroscopy (IS) and fibre optic reflectance spectroscopy (FORS). Indeed, the combined use of these two techniques constitute a powerful tool for obtaining a large amount of spectroscopic information without any sampling, thus overcoming all the limitations and problems involved in sampling operations. Moreover, the availability of lightweight and compact equipment makes it possible to perform measurements in situ on objects that cannot be removed from their location. Furthermore, due to the fact that these techniques are non-invasive and are thus safe for works of art, it is possible to re-measure the same object after a given time, to monitor the progress of the conservation of the work of art, and also to follow the restoration processes. The methodology also enables the acquisition of a large number of spectra over the entire artefact. This wide sampling operation, the performance of which would be unimaginable with micro-sampling techniques, provides a large amount of data, which can be used for statistical analysis. As regards the application to actual cases, two case studies will be reported: a) a Leonardo da Vinci?s painting, where pigments, binding medium, preparatory layer and previous restoration works were identified; b) the monitoring of the colour evolution of a Luca Signorelli?s predella over the years during the exhibition to the public, during the restoration intervention and after the restoration. Finally, a brief account of the studies performed at IFAC ? CNR on indoor light control will be given and the possible use of a new light dosimeter will be suggested. | ||||||
BibTeX:
@article{Bacci2006,
author = {Bacci, Mauro},
title = {Non-invasive instrumentation for diagnostics and colour control},
journal = {Archeometriai Műhely},
year = {2006},
volume = {3},
number = {1},
pages = {46-50},
url = {http://www.ace.hu/am/2006_1/AM-2006-1-MB.pdf}
}
|
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Bajnóczi et al.
|
A sárospataki ágyúöntő műhelyben feltárt 17. századi habán kerámialeletek mázának mikroszerkezete és összetétele / Microstructure and composition of glaze of 17th century Haban ceramics excavated at a gun-foundry in Sárospatak (NE-Hungary) | 2011 | Archeometriai Műhely 8(1), pp. 1-16 |
article | URL | |
| Abstract: The Rákóczi Museum of the Hungarian National Museum started an excavation in 2006 to uncover the remnants of a gun-foundry operated between 1631 and 1648 and located in the southwestern corner of the outer castle in Sárospatak. Fragments of white and blue tin-glazed Haban faience objects were found in the late 17th century filling of the workshop remnants. No contemporary written sources exist about the technology of East-Central European tin-glazed earthenware produced by the Habans (Hutterite Anabaptists). Archaeometric research on Haban faience using modern analytical techniques has not been performed in Hungary as yet. In this paper we present the results of the analyses carried out on the opaque glaze and coloured decorations of white-glazed ceramic fragments found at the gun-foundry, which give data about the raw materials used and the production technology. Microstructure and chemical composition of glazes were analysed by using an electron microprobe coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer and crystalline inclusions were identified by X-ray diffraction analysis. The white glaze, which covers the buff coloured ceramic body, is tin-opacified lead-alkali glaze containing relatively high amount of tin-oxide (16 to 20 wt% SnO2). Presence of relict sand grains and heterogeneous distribution (grouped in clusters) of cassiterite (tin-oxide) particles in the opaque glaze indicates that the glazing mixture was not fritted before preparing the slurry. Cassiterite is present as angular relicts of the glaze raw material and as up to 2 ?m sized needles-like particles recrystallized during firing and cooling of the glaze. Decorations were prepared from coloured lead-alkali glazes. Lead antimonate yellow (Pb2Sb2O7) was used for the yellow glaze, cobalt-, nickel- and arsenic-bearing zaffre for the blue glaze, copper-bearing pigment for the green glaze and manganese-bearing pigment for the black glaze. The opaque glaze and the decorations were fired in one step; therefore glazes were more or less mixed with each other. |
||||||
BibTeX:
@article{Bajnoczi2011_1,
author = {Bajnóczi, Bernadett and Nagy, Géza and Tóth, Mária and Ringer, István and Ridovics, Anna},
title = {A sárospataki ágyúöntő műhelyben feltárt 17. századi habán kerámialeletek mázának mikroszerkezete és összetétele / Microstructure and composition of glaze of 17th century Haban ceramics excavated at a gun-foundry in Sárospatak (NE-Hungary)},
journal = {Archeometriai Műhely},
year = {2011},
volume = {8},
number = {1},
pages = {1-16},
url = {http://www.ace.hu/am/2011_1/AM-11-01-BB.pdf}
}
|
||||||
Bajnóczi et al.
|
Ónmázas kerámiák technológiai jellegzetességeinek kimutatása Giovanni di Nicola Manzoni majolika tintatartójának példáján / Detection of technological characteristics of tin-glazed pottery - the case study of Giovanni di Nicola Manzoni?s majolica inkstand | 2009 | Archeometriai Műhely 6(1), pp. 81-94 |
article | URL | |
| Abstract: To reveal the processing steps of tin-glazed pottery (majolica, faience) production and to determine the raw material use and technological parameters of the workshop, joint use of phase analysis by X-ray diffraction (XRD) as well as microtextural and microchemical investigation by electron microprobe analysis (EMPA) are necessary. It is essential to define the micromorphology and chemistry of the various inclusions (relict and recrystallized phases) in the glaze since they can help in confining the firing temperature of the glaze, as well as the pigments. A majolica inkstand with figure groups showing ?The Nativity? and ?The Adoration of the Magi? forms part of the collection of the Museum of Applied Arts (Budapest). The inkstand made by Giovanni di Nicola Manzoni presumably in Colle Val d?Elsa (Toscana) around 1510 has prominent significance due to its scenes, inscriptions, signs, function and quality. Archaeometric research revealed that the ceramic body of the object was made using well-prepared calcareous clay fired at ~850-950°C according to the presence of calcium silicate minerals (diopside, gehlenite). The ceramic body was covered by a white, tin-opacified lead-alkali glaze, painted with different (ochre, blue, green and brown) colours, and a transparent lead-alkali overglaze was applied over the whole object. Abundant rounded-dissolved K-feldspar and quartz inclusions in the glaze layers are relicts of the sand raw material. Tinlead inclusions in the opaque glaze are also remnants of the raw material. Cassiterite (SnO2) can be present partly as relict grains, partly as recrystallized phase precipitated during the second firing. A ~700-900°C temperature can be estimated for the second firing. The polychrome paintings of the inkstand were made using the typical colouring materials of the Italian Renaissance pottery: cobalt-bearing pigment for blue, iron-bearing lead-antimonate pigment for ochre, copper colorant for green and manganese colorant for brown. |
||||||
BibTeX:
@article{BajnocziETAL2009,
author = {Bajnóczi, Bernadett and Tóth, Mária and Dobosi, Gábor},
title = {Ónmázas kerámiák technológiai jellegzetességeinek kimutatása Giovanni di Nicola Manzoni majolika tintatartójának példáján / Detection of technological characteristics of tin-glazed pottery - the case study of Giovanni di Nicola Manzoni?s majolica inkstand},
journal = {Archeometriai Műhely},
year = {2009},
volume = {6},
number = {1},
pages = {81-94},
url = {http://www.ace.hu/am/2009_1/AM-09-01-BB.PDF}
}
|
||||||
Bajnóczi et al.
|
Kerámiák katódlumineszcens vizsgálata zalavári - népvándorláskori - leletek példáján / Cathodo-luminescent analysis of pottery from Zalavár, Migration Period | 2005 | Archeometriai Műhely 2(2), pp. 31-41 |
article | URL | |
| Abstract: The paper describes the possibility of using cathodoluminescence (CL) microscopy for petrographic study of archaeological pottery objects. CL microscopy shows more details than conventional polarized light microscopy about the inner structure and chemistry of aplastic components of pottery products as well as the texture of the samples. It enables to reveal differences in the mineralogy of aplastic components, and characteristic minerals as “fingerprints” may allow distinguishing potteries of different provenance and origin. The pottery vessels studied by CL method are from Zalavár-Vársziget (W-Hungary) and derive from the second half of the 9th century AD. Most of the products were fired on less than 650oC. This relatively low temperature doesn’t really affect aplastic components, therefore enables their petrographic study using CL method combined with X-ray diffraction. In addition to the common calcite and feldspar detritus and quartz-bearing fragments, part of the samples contains several mm large, rounded, dolomite-bearing lithofragments (pebbles), which are supposed to be tempering material. Dolomitic rock fragments are distinguished from angular calcite grains with dull to very bright luminescence by their non- or very weak CL. The dolomitic temper is possibly not of local origin, and dolomite-bearing ceramics are assumed to be “import” objects among the finds from Zalavár- Vársziget. |
||||||
BibTeX:
@article{BajnocziETAL2005,
author = {Bajnóczi, Bernadett and Tóth, Mária and Mersdorf, Zsuzsa},
title = {Kerámiák katódlumineszcens vizsgálata zalavári - népvándorláskori - leletek példáján / Cathodo-luminescent analysis of pottery from Zalavár, Migration Period},
journal = {Archeometriai Műhely},
year = {2005},
volume = {2},
number = {2},
pages = {31-41},
url = {http://www.ace.hu/am/2005_2/AM-2005-2-BB.pdf}
}
|
||||||
Balak
|
Erosion and Humidity: a Culture 2000 project for the study of building materials by scientific methods. An interim report. / Erózió és nedvesség: kutatási program az építőanyagok vizsgálatára, a Culture 2000 program keretében | 2005 | Archeometriai Műhely 2(1), pp. 60-61 |
article | URL | |
| Abstract: Az Európai Unió Culture 2000 programjának keretében osztrák, olasz, német és magyar résztvevőkkel egy éves kutatási programot indítottunk műemléki építőkövek és más, műemléki környezetben előforduló építőanyagok kutatására. A program 2004. szeptemberében indult. A projektindító találkozót Bécsben rendeztük, a munka jelenlegi állásáról Modenában, 2005. január 28-án adtak számot a résztvevők. A program részeként áprilisban az Archeometriai Műhely a műemléki kőanyagok kutatásának külön vitaülést rendez a Magyar Nemzeti Múzeumban; az eredményekről pedig részletes tájékoztatót adunk folyóiratunk őszi számában. |
||||||
BibTeX:
@article{Balak2005,
author = {Michael Balak},
title = {Erosion and Humidity: a Culture 2000 project for the study of building materials by scientific methods. An interim report. / Erózió és nedvesség: kutatási program az építőanyagok vizsgálatára, a Culture 2000 program keretében},
journal = {Archeometriai Műhely},
year = {2005},
volume = {2},
number = {1},
pages = {60-61},
url = {http://www.ace.hu/am/2005_1/AM-2005-1-MB.pdf}
}
|
||||||
Bartosiewicz and Gál
|
Sample Size and Taxonomic Richness in Mammalian and Avian Bone Assemblages from Archaeological Sites / A mintanagyság és a fajgazdagság összefüggése régészeti emlős- és madármintákban | 2007 | Archeometriai Műhely 4(1), pp. 37-44 |
article | URL | |
| Abstract: It has been well known in archaeozoology that the number of animal species recognized in an assemblage increases along with the number of identifiable bone specimens. It is for this reason that comparisons between faunal assemblages of radically different sizes can be heavily biased, since the number of species would rather reflect the number of bones available for study than the number of animal taxa exploited by ancient peoples. In this study, parameters of 35 prehistoric mammalian and 29 avian bone assemblages are compared from this point of view for the first time. The numbers of identifiable bird bones result in a more intensive increase in the number of species than is the case with larger mammals (domesticates and game), most commonly encountered in prehistoric archaeozoological assemblages. The reasons behind this phenomenon include the greater number of bird species in nature, the smaller number of bones in the avian skeleton, and the differential taphonomic processes that affect selectively the remains of mammals and birds. These should all be considered during the analysis and interpretation of archaeozoological assemblages. |
||||||
BibTeX:
@article{BartosiewiczGal2007,
author = {Bartosiewicz, László and Gál, Erika},
title = {Sample Size and Taxonomic Richness in Mammalian and Avian Bone Assemblages from Archaeological Sites / A mintanagyság és a fajgazdagság összefüggése régészeti emlős- és madármintákban},
journal = {Archeometriai Műhely},
year = {2007},
volume = {4},
number = {1},
pages = {37-44},
url = {http://www.ace.hu/am/2007_1/AM-2007-01-BL.pdf}
}
|
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Belényesy and Virágos
|
The use of 3D technologies to survey and document archaeological buildings and sites | 2006 | Archeometriai Műhely 3(1), pp. 41-45 |
article | URL | |
| Abstract: A háromdimenziós felmérés és dokumentálás terén ma a legmodernebb technológiát képviselő lézeres térszkennelés terén már Magyarországon sem beszélhetünk teljesen kísérleti korszakról. A technológia alkalmazására számos hazai példát lehet már felhozni. Az eljárás természetesen folyamatosan fejlődik, de már a mostani állapotával is az a gond, hogy többet kínál, mint amit a szakemberek be- és elfogadni képesek. Az eljárás egyértelműen a jövő hétköznapi felmérési és dokumentálási technikája, ám alkalmazásának széles körben való elterjedéséhez, az általa kínált lehetőségek komolyabb kihasználásához a felhasználói közeg gondolkodásának megváltozása szükséges. Ugyanakkor a váltás egyedi és egyszeri lehetőséget kínál, hogy egy egységes európai dokumentálási standard kerüljön megfogalmazásra és bevezetésre, amihez azonban széleskörű együttműködés szükséges. | ||||||
BibTeX:
@article{BelenyesyViragos2006,
author = {Belényesy, Károly and Virágos, Gábor},
title = {The use of 3D technologies to survey and document archaeological buildings and sites},
journal = {Archeometriai Műhely},
year = {2006},
volume = {3},
number = {1},
pages = {41-45},
url = {http://www.ace.hu/am/2006_1/AM-2006-1-BK-VG.pdf}
}
|
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Benes
|
Új közép-európai interdiszciplináris folyóirat a régészetben: Interdisciplinaria archaeologica / New Central European periodical for interdisciplinary archaeology [BibTeX] |
2011 | Archeometriai Műhely 8(1), pp. 100 |
article | URL | |
BibTeX:
@article{Benes2011_1,
author = {Benes, Jaromir},
title = {Új közép-európai interdiszciplináris folyóirat a régészetben: Interdisciplinaria archaeologica / New Central European periodical for interdisciplinary archaeology},
journal = {Archeometriai Műhely},
year = {2011},
volume = {8},
number = {1},
pages = {100},
url = {http://www.ace.hu/am/2011_1/AM-11-01-kozl.pdf}
}
|
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Bezeczky
|
Római amphorák online tipológiája / Roman Amphorae: A digital resource. University of Southampton, 2005 [BibTeX] |
2006 | Archeometriai Műhely 3(2), pp. 37 |
article | URL | |
BibTeX:
@article{Bezeczky2006,
author = {Bezeczky, Tamás},
title = {Római amphorák online tipológiája / Roman Amphorae: A digital resource. University of Southampton, 2005},
journal = {Archeometriai Műhely},
year = {2006},
volume = {3},
number = {2},
pages = {37},
url = {http://www.ace.hu/am/2006_2/AM-2006-2-kozl.pdf}
}
|
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Bigazzi et al.
|
The Italian obsidian sources / Az olaszországi obszidián lelőhelyek | 2005 | Archeometriai Műhely 2(1), pp. 01-12 |
article | URL | |
| Abstract: Európában az obszidián igen ritka nyersanyagnak számít, összehasonlítva más területekkel, például a Közel- Kelettel. Az olasz obszidián nyersanyagforrások négy vulkáni komplexumban találhatók meg, Szardínia, Palmarola, Lipari és Pantelleria szigetén. A szerzők áttekintést adnak a nyersanyagforrások geológiai, régészeti és archeometriai kutatásáról. Az olasz obszidián források archeometriai vizsgálata igen korán megindult (optikai emissziós spektroszkópiai (OES) módszerrel), a tényleges elkülönítést azonban megbízhatóan a hetvenes, nyolcvanas évek vizsgálatai alapozták meg, neutron aktivációs analízis (NAA) és röntgen-spektroszkópia (XRF) segítségével. A továbbiakban izotóp-összetétel vizsgálatokkal, geokronológiai módszerekkel is sikerült a nyersanyagforrásokat jellemezni, többek között hasadási nyomvonal detektálás (FT) segítségével. A hatékony elkülönítésre több módszer együttes alkalmazásával van lehetőség. A szerzők vizsgálják az obszidián régészeti elterjedését is, nyersanyagforrásonként és kronológiai periódusonként valamint kitérnek a jellemző eszköztípusokra. |
||||||
BibTeX:
@article{BigazziETAL2005,
author = {Bigazzi, Giulio and Oddone, Massimo and Radi, Giovanna},
title = {The Italian obsidian sources / Az olaszországi obszidián lelőhelyek},
journal = {Archeometriai Műhely},
year = {2005},
volume = {2},
number = {1},
pages = {01-12},
url = {http://www.ace.hu/am/2005_1/AM-2005-1-GB.pdf}
}
|
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Biller
|
Vecsés környéki Árpád-kori lelőhelyek állatcsont anyagainak régészeti értelmezése / Archaeological interpretation of the archaeozoological finds of Mediaeval sites (Árpád-Dynasty period) around Vecsés | 2007 | Archeometriai Műhely 4(1), pp. 45-54 |
article | URL | |
| Abstract: This article is a review of the animal bone materials from three Árpád Period (AD 10-13th century) archaeological sites: Vecsés 36, Gyál 8 and Gyál 13 in Hungary. They are located on the future tracestage of the M0 motorway near Budapest. New results will be compared with contemporaneous, known sites from the Árpád Period. These three sites form a microregion which characterizes an archaeozoologically unknown part of the Hungarian Plain in light of animal exploitation during the Árpád Period. The evolving picture partly fits the known parameters of the period and geographically complements the north-west part of the Hungarian Plain. The very low consumption of pork was confirmed and it coincided with the important function of horse meat eating at the Gyál 8 and Vecsés 36 sites, in spite of ecclesiastical prohibition. These results direct attention to the fact that archaeozoological finds are also archaeological artefacts, a valuable source of information on cultural matters, revealing events of daily life that could not be reconstructed from other finds. |
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BibTeX:
@article{Biller2007,
author = {Biller, Anna Zsófia},
title = {Vecsés környéki Árpád-kori lelőhelyek állatcsont anyagainak régészeti értelmezése / Archaeological interpretation of the archaeozoological finds of Mediaeval sites (Árpád-Dynasty period) around Vecsés},
journal = {Archeometriai Műhely},
year = {2007},
volume = {4},
number = {1},
pages = {45-54},
url = {http://www.ace.hu/am/2007_1/AM-2007-01-BAZS.pdf}
}
|
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Bosznay
|
Vértes László és a régészeti statisztikai elemzések / László Vértes and the application of statistical methods | 2008 | Archeometriai Műhely 5(2), pp. 07-10 |
article | URL | |
| Abstract: The paper describes some aspects of the application of mathematical statistical methods in the publications of L. Vértes. Demontrates the fact that Vértes used the methods of mathematical statistics to obtain archeological consequences. Shows also, that Vértes ? though he was not a mathematician- used these methods with the rigorousness of a professional statistician. |
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BibTeX:
@article{Bosznay2008,
author = {Bosznay, Ádám},
title = {Vértes László és a régészeti statisztikai elemzések / László Vértes and the application of statistical methods},
journal = {Archeometriai Műhely},
year = {2008},
volume = {5},
number = {2},
pages = {07-10},
url = {http://www.ace.hu/am/2008_2/AM-08-02-BA.pdf}
}
|
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Bradák
|
őskörnyezet rekonstrukció Vörs-Máriasszonysziget régészeti lelőhely környezetében - szedimentológiai és paleotalajtani közelítés / Palaeogeographical reconstruction of the archaeological site Vörs-Máriasszonysziget | 2007 | Archeometriai Műhely 4(1), pp. 67-76 |
article | URL | |
| Abstract: Five different sedimentological sequences by hand drilling are evaluated here from the surroundings of the Vörs, Máriaasszonysziget archaeological site. VORSBB1 from the higher position of the island, VORSBB2 from the coastal environment, VORS6, VORS7 and VORS8 from the marshy or water covered bay in the line of the overland drilling. ?Sartorius? sedimentation instrument was used to determine the grain size distribution of the detached layers. The sedimentological analysis was complemented by mesomorphological study of the remain of washing. Two main questions were investigated: (1) Can we determine any group of the sediments? (2) Can we reconstruct and correlate the sedimentological and pedogenetical environments with any periods of Holocene? The analysis of the samples gave the following results: There were three main types of the sequences due to the different environment of the (sub)recent or late Holocene. The bed of the samples was greyish yellow sand (Szh) with a higher content of fine-grained material (silt and clay) originating from ?overland sediment sequence?. Yellow sand (Sh) was identified above these strata. A possible thin layer with fine-grained gravel (Kh) was revealed in the lower part of this sand. Limonite and small calcareous concretions were identified in the latter two layers. Above the yellow sand, brown clayey sand was found. This archaeological layer was not detected in the ?coastal environment sediment sequence? (VORSBB2). The closing parts of these sequences were brownish black, weakly developed recent soil layers. This soil adjoined with a light brown transitional sandy layer to the lowest part of the sequences. The beds of the samples were grey clayey-silty sand (Bh2) originating from the ?lake environment sediment sequence?. Fine-grained gravel was identified in the lower part of VORS7 and VORS8 sequences. A peaty layer was revealed above this grey sediment in all sequences. This organic material rich layer jointed with a black, compacted, transient clayey matter to the grey sand. The peaty layer covered with lighter grey sand (Bh1), and the sequences closed with a peaty layer with remnant of recent plants. The sediment classification and the preconception of environment reconstruction were created on the basis of macroscopical, mesomorphological and sedimentological analysis. The clayey-silty sand with limonite is an important sediment to correlate the sequences. This material was identified in the bed of the sequence of VORSBB1, 2 and VORS7 drilling cores. Accurate analyses are needed to characterise the material of the dolomite gravel layer in VORSBB1, VORSBB2 and VORS7 and 8. It should be an other important marker layer in these sequences as a correlative sediment between the overland, coastal and lake sediment sequence. This gravel was possibly deposited before the Atlantic phase (Pleistocene, Early Holocene?) than redeposited second time during the abrasion of Lake Balaton in the Early Subboreal period of Holocene. The redeposited gravel of this second event was identified in the lake environment sequence of VORS7 and 8 drilling cores. There was a possibility of a dry period and deflation before the Early Subboreal lake level raising in the Late Atlantic phase. The archaeological layer is missing in the ?coastal environment drilling? (VORSBB2) and a possible hiatus is supposed below the peaty layer (VORS6, 7 and 8). It may be eroded due to the abrasion of a higher level of Lake Balaton or to the (areal) erosion in a humid period of Holocene or because of the deflation (wind erosion) in the dryer period of Holocene. The light grey sand was deposited by the lake level rising of Lake Balaton in historical times. The above mentioned many possibilities show that more information (pollen analysis, palaeontology, chronometrical dating, archaeology) is needed to correlate the three main type of sequences and to reconstruct the development of the shallow water, marshy-peaty or sandy beach environment. |
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BibTeX:
@article{Bradak2007,
author = {Bradák, Balázs},
title = {őskörnyezet rekonstrukció Vörs-Máriasszonysziget régészeti lelőhely környezetében - szedimentológiai és paleotalajtani közelítés / Palaeogeographical reconstruction of the archaeological site Vörs-Máriasszonysziget},
journal = {Archeometriai Műhely},
year = {2007},
volume = {4},
number = {1},
pages = {67-76},
url = {http://www.ace.hu/am/2007_1/AM-2007-01-BB.pdf}
}
|
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Bradák et al.
|
Csiszolt kőeszközök mágnesezhetőség vizsgálata - új módszer alkalmazása az archeometriai kutatásokban / Magnetic susceptibility measurements of polished stone tools– application of new method in archeometry | 2005 | Archeometriai Műhely 2(1), pp. 13-22 |
article | URL | |
| Abstract: Magnetic susceptibility (MS) measurement has been used in geoscience since ?50s of the last century. This method is successfully used for example in climatic reconstruction of the Quaternary or in volcanological investigations. This paper presents a new application of magnetic susceptibility measurement. We used kappameter KT-5 low field magnetic susceptibility meter to measure about 360 polished stone tools of the Miháldy collection, a set of prehistoric stone axes in the possession of the Veszprém regional museum. This artefacts represent well the Neolithic, Copper- and Bronze Age polished stone axes in Northern and Central parts of Transdanubia. Each stone tool was measured three times. The magnetic susceptibility value considered was the average of the measured results. We used correction factors to get real magnetic susceptibility values, due to the different size, thickness and surface of the artefacts. The correction for surface unevenness and correction for the size of stone tools were investigated. We elaborated model experiments to determine the thickness correction factor. The change of MS values were significant under 2 cm thickness. Apart from the polished stone tools we made MS measurements on samples originated from the outcrops of possible provenance of polished stone artefacts. With the application of this new, non-destructive method, the MS values of the most important raw materials types of the Miháldy stone tools were determined, and together with the macroscopic description we could achieve a more precise determination of the raw material. Statistical analysis of MS values of greenschist stone artefacts of the Miháldy collection yielded three main groups of raw material sources: 1. Greenschist stone tools with the lowest MS value, between 0.25 * 10-3 SI and 0.8 * 10-3 SI unit, originated from Felsőcsatár, Hungary; 2. Stone artefacts with higher MS value (0.2 ? 3.3 * 10-3 SI unit) originated from Velké Hamry outcrop, near ®elezn? Brod, Czech Republic; finally 3. polished stone tools with extremely high magnetic susceptibility (30 - 130 * 10-3 SI unit) originated from ®eleąice, Czech Republic. Moreover there are some greenschists, which cannot be fit to these three main groups. |
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BibTeX:
@article{BradakETAL2005,
author = {Bradák, Balázs and Szakmány, György and Józsa, Sándor},
title = {Csiszolt kőeszközök mágnesezhetőség vizsgálata - új módszer alkalmazása az archeometriai kutatásokban / Magnetic susceptibility measurements of polished stone tools– application of new method in archeometry},
journal = {Archeometriai Műhely},
year = {2005},
volume = {2},
number = {1},
pages = {13-22},
url = {http://www.ace.hu/am/2005_1/AM-2005-1-BB.pdf}
}
|
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Brandl
|
Classification of rocks within the chert group: austrian practice / Kovakőzetek osztályozása: az osztrák gyakorlat | 2010 | Archeometriai Műhely 7(3), pp. 183-190 |
article | URL | |
| Abstract: The detection of raw materials used in the production of flaked stone tools has served as a necessary methodological component within the field of archaeology. Nevertheless, controversial debates concerning accurate terminology for Sio2 varities have inspired a terminological lacuna between the fields of geology, mineralogy and archaeology. This is due to the fact that SiO2 rocks never formed the main focus of Earth Sciences, resulting in an inconsistent terminology and at times lacking a proper definition. As a result of years of research, a classification system for rocks from the chert group has been developed at the Austrian Academy of Sciences. This paper intends to give a practical approach to this classification system based on petrological, mineralogical and archaeological demands. |
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BibTeX:
@article{Brandl2010_3,
author = {Brandl, Michael},
title = {Classification of rocks within the chert group: austrian practice / Kovakőzetek osztályozása: az osztrák gyakorlat},
journal = {Archeometriai Műhely},
year = {2010},
volume = {7},
number = {3},
pages = {183-190},
url = {http://www.ace.hu/am/2010_3/AM-10-03-MB.pdf}
}
|
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Bánffy
|
Földindulás? A régészet válsága és változása napjainkban / Landslide? The crisis and changes in archaeology in our days | 2009 | Archeometriai Műhely 6(1), pp. 01-04 |
article | URL | |
| Abstract: Geological sciences and archaeology has been connected since the beginnings, still, a new insight of this connection is taking shape nowadays, mostly as a consequence of the crisis and major changes in interpreting archaeological science. This change and new interpretation has reached the archaeological research in all countries, though not at the same time and with slight differences. In Hungary, the changes were mostly caused and triggered by the end of socialism as well as the start of large-scale preventive excavations. In this short introduction the crisis in Hungary will be discussed, its disadvantageous and beneficial aspects, as well as some possible future ways in archaeological research. |
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BibTeX:
@article{Banffy2009,
author = {Bánffy, Eszter},
title = {Földindulás? A régészet válsága és változása napjainkban / Landslide? The crisis and changes in archaeology in our days},
journal = {Archeometriai Műhely},
year = {2009},
volume = {6},
number = {1},
pages = {01-04},
url = {http://www.ace.hu/am/2009_1/AM-09-01-BE.PDF}
}
|
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Casali
|
X-Ray Digital Radiography and Computed Tomography for Cultural Heritage | 2006 | Archeometriai Műhely 3(1), pp. 24-28 |
article | URL | |
| Abstract: X-ray detection systems for high resolution Digital Radiography (DR) and Computed Tomography (CT) have been developed at the Physics Department of the University of Bologna. The research target is the development of systems to be applied in cultural heritage conservation and industrial radiology. In the field of cultural heritage, different kind of objects (ancient necklaces, paintings, bronze or marble statues) have to be inspected in order to acquire significant information as the method used to assemble, the manufacturing techniques or the presence of defects. These features could be very useful, for example, for dating works of art or determining appropriate maintenance and restoration procedures. Among the advanced methods available, 3D CT can be successfully used for the investigation of ancient works of art because it preserves their integrity and provides images of inner parts, which are otherwise not visible. |
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BibTeX:
@article{Casali2006,
author = {Casali, Franco},
title = {X-Ray Digital Radiography and Computed Tomography for Cultural Heritage},
journal = {Archeometriai Műhely},
year = {2006},
volume = {3},
number = {1},
pages = {24-28},
url = {http://www.ace.hu/am/2006_1/AM-2006-1-FC.pdf}
}
|
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Cuppini
|
Advanced technologies focused to the evaluation of the state of preservation and related restoration actions of the monumental historical heritage | 2006 | Archeometriai Műhely 3(1), pp. 67-68 |
article | URL | |
| Abstract: This presentation recalls a new initiative within the Emilia-Romagna Region: the establishment of the NEREA (NEtwork for Advanced REnewal), a consortium among research centres, universities and high-tech companies. The NEREA supports research in advanced restoration techniques and it is organised as a virtual laboratory. The main activities of the network concern evaluation of the quality of materials used in restoration and dissemination of information concerning the application techniques focused on the needs of SMEs specialised in architectural and archaeological restoration. The ultimate goal of the NEREA is creating the possibility for SMEs to certify their products at the EU level. Even though created on the regional level, the NEREA is important to the establishment of broader co-operations at both national and international level, through bilateral-multilateral agreements with parallel, specialised consortia-institutions. | ||||||
BibTeX:
@article{Cuppini2006,
author = {Cuppini, Giampiero},
title = {Advanced technologies focused to the evaluation of the state of preservation and related restoration actions of the monumental historical heritage},
journal = {Archeometriai Műhely},
year = {2006},
volume = {3},
number = {1},
pages = {67-68},
url = {http://www.ace.hu/am/2006_1/AM-2006-1-GC.pdf}
}
|
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Czajlik
|
Aerial archaeological prospection and documentation. The Aerial Archaeological Archive of the Institute of Archaeological Sciences at the Eötvös Loránd University of Budapest. (Summary of the activity in 1993-2005) | 2007 | Archeometriai Műhely 4(3), pp. 01-10 |
article | URL | |
| Abstract: The Aerial Archaeological Archive of the Institute for Archaeological Sciences of the Eötvös Loránd University of Budapest has been created in 1993. It?s activity is characterised by four important programs: - 13 years of aerial archaeological research (until 2000 in the cadre of the Hungarian-French archaeological cooperation). - Exploration and mapping of aerial archaeological sites, which has been done parallel to the other activities. - Processing of the data obtained from the 768 aerial archaeological sites discovered until 2006. The processing of the systematised archive has begun in two directions: we make the interpretations for the important sites and we prepare the geographical transformations of the aerial photos (if possible) and ? principally in the case of settlements - we conduct intensive field surveys to control them. - Cataloguing of earthwork fortifications, tell settlements and tumuli, which has been greatly supported by photographical surveys. This surveys can reveal new sites as well as new information about already known sites. The research activity of 13 years makes it possible to draw some general conclusions concerning the best choice of geographical areas (Northern and Eastern Transdanubia) and periods (the 2nd and 3rd weeks of June) for the most fruitful research. |
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BibTeX:
@article{Czajlik2007,
author = {Czajlik, Zoltán},
title = {Aerial archaeological prospection and documentation. The Aerial Archaeological Archive of the Institute of Archaeological Sciences at the Eötvös Loránd University of Budapest. (Summary of the activity in 1993-2005)},
journal = {Archeometriai Műhely},
year = {2007},
volume = {4},
number = {3},
pages = {01-10},
url = {http://www.ace.hu/am/2007_3/AM-07-03-CZ.pdf}
}
|
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Dezső et al.
|
Pedológiai-szedimentológiai vizsgálatok lösszel borított területeken, Szemely-Hegyes későneolitikus körárokrendszer példáján | 2009 | Archeometriai Műhely 6(3), pp. 57-72 |
article | URL | |
| Abstract: According to the geopedologic protocol, the characteristics of soils, infillings and different sediments were analysed in the archaeological excavation. Beside experimental observations, textural (granulometric) analyses, measurements of carbonate and humus content are used in general. This paper presents results of geopedologic analyses, micromorphological observations, and OSL data of Szemely-Hegyes annulus. The filling sediments of the archaeological objects are generally identical on loess covered terrain. The aim of this study to show that; how laboratory analyses support the experimental observations. Reconstruct the surface process, statistical interpretation of laboratory analyses is needed. The sediments of the excavation are differing in their humus and carbonate content, and texture. We proved this in the latter case, which their genetics the traditional granulometric categories (clay, silt), better characteristic parameters initiation justified. These are the m% pale-brown soil. The second unit is a filling of pale-grayish yellow anthropogeneous sediment consist of charcoal which was a groin. The third unit is a filling of reddish-brown relict soil. The different parameters of samples were changed a bit by anthropogeneous impact. The first burial of the annulus was happened 4.91?0.57 ka (BP) as determined by OSL measurement, and with two different sediments, lasted about 4.11?0.45 ka (BP). In the process of backfill, in the second burial cycle reddish-brown soil was deposited into the ditch from 2.64?0.25 ka. The backfill process lasted until the Middle Ages. Currently eroded pale-brown soil covers the arable land in the area. |
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BibTeX:
@article{DezsoETAL2009_3,
author = {Dezső, József and Bertók, Gábor and Bognár, Anna and Kaposvári, Ferenc and Darányi, Viktória and Pethe, Mihály and Csabai, Zoltán and Páll-Gergely, Barna and Sipos, György},
title = {Pedológiai-szedimentológiai vizsgálatok lösszel borított területeken, Szemely-Hegyes későneolitikus körárokrendszer példáján},
journal = {Archeometriai Műhely},
year = {2009},
volume = {6},
number = {3},
pages = {57-72},
url = {http://www.ace.hu/am/2009_3/AM-09-03-DJ.pdf}
}
|
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Djindjian
|
Approvisionnement en mati?res premi?res dans le paléolithique supérieur d'Europe Occidentale: Méthodes et résultats / Raw Material Procurement in the Upper Palaeolithic of Western Europe. Methods and Results. | 2005 | Archeometriai Műhely 2(4), pp. 01-16 |
article | URL | |
| Abstract: The paper tries to deliver a synthesis concerning the methods used and the results obtained for the raw material procurement in Western Europe during Prehistory. The first chapter is a fast introduction defining the materials which are interesting for archaeologists, geologists and chemists. In the second chapter, the special case of flint is considered, because it shows particular difficulties for the characterization and the determination of the origins of flint. The third chapter is a formal design which is creating a general three steps method, detailing its potentialities and limits and describing the techniques of graphical visualization allowing to explicit and validate the conclusion of the studies. The fourth chapter is focusing on the considerable interest of raw material procurement, related to several other problematics and converging the reconstitution of a general cultural system. The fifth chapter is concerned with the acquired knowledge for the raw material procurement studies during the middle Palaeolithic, for which the procurement distance is about 20 kilometers from the dwelling, deducing important consequences about the restricted territory of about one hundred square kilometers, obliging the group to change its territory when the food resources (mainly gregarious herbivores) were exhausted. The sixth chapter, dedicated to the Upper Palaeolithic, is showing the results of the most recent researches, which are revealing circulations with longer distance (until 300 kilometers) than supposed before in Western Europe and equivalent to the distance known in Central Europe. Then, it appears that the raw material procurement is realized with a mobility inside a territory of about one hundred thousand square kilometers which is inducing a planned strategy for the occupation of the territory in time (annual cycle) and in space: seasonal dwellings, specialized butchering sites, hunting camps, distributed storage of materials, bladelet and blade light chipping. Different special cases are examined, as the origin of the Cretaceous flint in the Palaeolithic sites of Auvergne, the evidence of Pyrenean flint in the sites of Perigord and Quercy or the important role of the quartzite again in the maximum ice age sites (Lower Solutrean, Badegoulian). The seventh chapter, dedicated to the mollusc procurement, is concerning the question of the evidence of exchange mechanisms between groups, explaining the spreading over very large distances of about 500 kilometers of molluscs used for the fabrication of ornaments. In the conclusion, the fundamental role of the studies of raw material procurement is emphasized, as a key sub-system for the reconstitution of Palaeolithic hunter-gatherer societies. |
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BibTeX:
@article{Djindjian2005,
author = {Djindjian, François},
title = {Approvisionnement en mati?res premi?res dans le paléolithique supérieur d'Europe Occidentale: Méthodes et résultats / Raw Material Procurement in the Upper Palaeolithic of Western Europe. Methods and Results.},
journal = {Archeometriai Műhely},
year = {2005},
volume = {2},
number = {4},
pages = {01-16},
url = {http://www.ace.hu/am/2005_4/AM-2005-4-FD.pdf}
}
|
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Dobosi
|
Kretzoi Miklós és a magyar paleolitkutatás / Miklós Kretzoi and the Hungarian Palaeolithic research | 2007 | Archeometriai Műhely 4(1), pp. 13-18 |
article | URL | |
| Abstract: Miklós Kretzoi, palaeontologist, geologist contributed essentially to the field of prehistoric research as well. The author gives a short summary on his most important contributions to Hungarian Palaeolithic studies, ranging from methodological issues till the investigation of world famous sites like Tata, Érd and Vértesszőlős. |
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BibTeX:
@article{Dobosi2007,
author = {Dobosi, Viola},
title = {Kretzoi Miklós és a magyar paleolitkutatás / Miklós Kretzoi and the Hungarian Palaeolithic research},
journal = {Archeometriai Műhely},
year = {2007},
volume = {4},
number = {1},
pages = {13-18},
url = {http://www.ace.hu/am/2007_1/AM-2007-01-TDV.pdf}
}
|
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Domboróczki
|
A Körös-kultúra északi elterjedési határának problematikája a Tiszaszőlős-Domaháza-pusztán végzett ásatás eredményeinek fényében / The problem of the Northern extension of the Körös Culture in the light of excavation results from Tiszaszőlős-Domaháza. | 2005 | Archeometriai Műhely 2(2), pp. 05-15 |
article | URL | |
| Abstract: Until now almost every possible neolithisation scenario of the Great Hungarian Plain has been sketched. That is why the task of the future research can not be so much to conceive new theories as to test the older ones. These are differing mainly about the presumed role the Mesolithic aboriginals played in the process. According to the hitherto dominant view, the southern settlers of the Körös culture wandered up to the middle of the Great Hungarian Plain, where the local unfamiliar ecological endowments and the resistance of the aboriginals forced them to stop, leaving them the only possibility to detour to the east and colonise with smaller settlements the Upper Tisza and Szamos region. In the formation of the ALPC to the local Mesolithic inhabitants was attached decisive importance, who in the course of a long side by side living with the Körös culture and after a rapid acculturation process took over every aspects of the Neolithic novelties and finally even conquer the territory of the Körös culture. Recently, partly due to research done in Heves County, we have managed to paint more realistic picture on the ALPC. Since we have new results from the sphere of the Körös culture as well, thanks to the recent discovery and excavation of a Körös site at Tiszaszőlős–Domaháza-puszta, we can contribute to the discussion of the neolithisation in possession of rich comparative material. Based on these, we attribute much greater impact to the Körös culture in the development of the ALPC then before, so we can justify just those earlier opinions which ascribed only marginal role to the local Mesolithic population ? at least in this early phase of the process. In this paper we made a short report on the discovery and excavation of the Körös site at Tiszaszőlős escorted by some find-scattering maps and characteristic finds of the site and draw some preliminary conclusions on the so far analysed material. |
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BibTeX:
@article{Domboroczki2005,
author = {Domboróczki, László},
title = {A Körös-kultúra északi elterjedési határának problematikája a Tiszaszőlős-Domaháza-pusztán végzett ásatás eredményeinek fényében / The problem of the Northern extension of the Körös Culture in the light of excavation results from Tiszaszőlős-Domaháza.},
journal = {Archeometriai Műhely},
year = {2005},
volume = {2},
number = {2},
pages = {05-15},
url = {http://www.ace.hu/am/2005_2/AM-2005-2-DL.pdf}
}
|
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Domokos
|
A mezőberényi Laposi-kertek (Békés megye) régészeti feltárás (vonaldíszes-kultúra: szakálháti csoport) malakológiai anyaga és annak tanulságai / Holocene malacofauna and its teachings of the archeologically exposed Holocene age sediments of Laposi-Kertek | 2011 | Archeometriai Műhely 8(2), pp. 117-126 |
article | URL | |
| Abstract: The examination of the 7th Holocene exposure of the south-eastern part of the Great Hungarian Plain hasn?t served with surprising results. The aquatic malacological material is quite poor (15 taxa), but the terrestrial is more rich (25 taxa). According to the author, the age of the deposits (between 230 and 55 cms) are Boreal, Atlantic and Subboreal. It is first of all supported by the result of the grave goods. On the basis of the ecological demands of the mollusc species, a forest-steppe environment containing mosaic-like humid biotopes can be reconstructed. Proceeding upwards in the sequence, at first an increase in the rate and the number of the terrestrial species, then a decrease can be observed. Deposits covering the Middle Neolithic (Tiszapolgár culture, Szakálhát group) are lacustrine while the character of the lowermost layer is pluvial. The analysis of the exposed fauna shows, and in the knowledge of the Holocene sediments of Fehér-tó (Kardoskút), examined earlier, it can be ascertained that in contrast with the data given in the scientific literature, the disappearance of Vertigo substriata from the territory of the Great Hungarian Plain could happen during the Middle-Holocene age. |
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BibTeX:
@article{Domokos2011_2,
author = {Domokos, Tamás},
title = {A mezőberényi Laposi-kertek (Békés megye) régészeti feltárás (vonaldíszes-kultúra: szakálháti csoport) malakológiai anyaga és annak tanulságai / Holocene malacofauna and its teachings of the archeologically exposed Holocene age sediments of Laposi-Kertek},
journal = {Archeometriai Műhely},
year = {2011},
volume = {8},
number = {2},
pages = {117-126},
url = {http://www.ace.hu/am/2011_2/AM-11-02-DT.pdf}
}
|
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Dági
|
Attribúció, technika, archaeometria. Módszerek az ékszerkutatáshoz / Attribution, technique, archaeometry. Methods for the investigation of jewellery | 2009 | Archeometriai Műhely 6(1), pp. 53-60 |
article | URL | |
| Abstract: The possibility that ancient Greek jewellery, like vases, might be attributable to individual master-hands, was raised about twenty years ago by Dyfri Williams, who used the traditional style-based method of art historians to approach the problem. This article relates the results of a similar examination of Hellenistic bull's head hoop earrings in the Antiquities Collection of the Budapest Museum of Fine Arts. The method used, which involved exact observation of technical details, diverged quite sharply from traditional stylistic attribution. Comparative technical analysis of the Budapest earrings permits the conclusion that such details of a purely technical kind can in fact be decisive marks of attribution. Close technical examination of jewellery excavated in the region of ancient Macedonia, and now in the Museum of Thessaloniki, corroborates these results. Technical comparison has shown that the gold myrtle wreath from Tomb B at Derveni, and a single gold myrtle branch said to be a chance find and inventoried separately, are products of the same hand and originally belonged together. Platinum group element inclusions observed in few pieces of jewellery excavated in Derveni as well as in one earring from the Budapest Antiquities Collection can point to a connection between the pieces. Further archaeological and archaeometric research will be able to confirm or deny the results of observations made on the mentioned pieces until now. Future dialogue on these points between archaeology and archaeometry will help open new paths in the study of goldsmiths and workshops. |
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BibTeX:
@article{Dagi2009,
author = {Dági, Marianna},
title = {Attribúció, technika, archaeometria. Módszerek az ékszerkutatáshoz / Attribution, technique, archaeometry. Methods for the investigation of jewellery},
journal = {Archeometriai Műhely},
year = {2009},
volume = {6},
number = {1},
pages = {53-60},
url = {http://www.ace.hu/am/2009_1/AM-09-01-DM.PDF}
}
|
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Dúzs
|
Realisation of the planned "Black Boxes" in the Hungarian National Museum | 2008 | Archeometriai Műhely 5(1), pp. 07-20 |
article | URL | |
| Abstract: In the framework of the Ancient Charm Project (Analysis by Neutron resonant Capture Imaging and other Emerging Neutron Techniques: new Cultural Heritage and Archaeological Research Methods, http://ancientcharm. neutron-eu.net/ach), imaging potentials of non-destructive neutron analytical methods are evaluated for archaeological applications. Prior to working on real archaeological specimens, so-called 'black boxes' were constructed (and characterised) for tests of the various methods. This paper is about the construction of these test boxes as realised by the team of the Hungarian National Museum. |
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BibTeX:
@article{Duzs2008,
author = {Dúzs, Krisztina},
title = {Realisation of the planned "Black Boxes" in the Hungarian National Museum},
journal = {Archeometriai Műhely},
year = {2008},
volume = {5},
number = {1},
pages = {07-20},
url = {http://www.ace.hu/am/2008_1/AM-08-01-DK.pdf}
}
|
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Dúzs and Lencz
|
Tárgy - Információ - Érték / Object - Information - Value | 2010 | Archeometriai Műhely 7(2), pp. 123-130 |
article | URL | |
| Abstract: The article presents the process of conservation/restoration, for material analysis experts working in the field of archaeometry, summarizing the most significant analysis techniques, which are already accepted in the practice of restoration. This overview might contribute to the appropriate, sequential planning of the different analytical methods, providing a more effective way of cooperation, by sharing and processing our results. |
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BibTeX:
@article{Duzs&Lencz2010_2,
author = {Dúzs, Kriszta and Lencz, Balázs},
title = {Tárgy - Információ - Érték / Object - Information - Value},
journal = {Archeometriai Műhely},
year = {2010},
volume = {7},
number = {2},
pages = {123-130},
url = {http://www.ace.hu/am/2010_2/AM-10-02-DK-LB.pdf}
}
|
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Dúzs et al.
|
Régészeti tárgyak endoszkópos vizsgálata / Investigation of archaeological objects by industrial endoscope | 2005 | Archeometriai Műhely 2(1), pp. 62-66 |
article | URL | |
| Abstract: In connection with the modernisation of the Conservation Department of the Hungarian National Museum, we had the possibility to test the applicability of an industrial endoscope in the study of archaeological objects. The equipment is supplied with camera and image analysing software. By the help of this tool, surfaces which cannot be directly investigated by macroscopic inspection or regular microscopy can be made visible. The pieces selected for analysis included bronze pins with hollow head, socketed bronze axe, spiral-tube bronze beads, pottery from Bronze Age and Copper Age and amber beads. The obtained visual information can be important in the assesment of the history, production technology, use and conservation of the artefacts. |
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BibTeX:
@article{DuzsETAL2005,
author = {Dúzs, Krisztina and Szathmári, Ildikó and T. Biró, Katalin},
title = {Régészeti tárgyak endoszkópos vizsgálata / Investigation of archaeological objects by industrial endoscope},
journal = {Archeometriai Műhely},
year = {2005},
volume = {2},
number = {1},
pages = {62-66},
url = {http://www.ace.hu/am/2005_1/AM-2005-1-DK.pdf}
}
|
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Farkas-Szőke
|
Chopperek és chopping-toolok. Technológiai elemzés vértesszőlősi eszközökön / Choppers and chopping tools. Technological investigation of the Vértesszőlős stone implements | 2008 | Archeometriai Műhely 5(2), pp. 23-30 |
article | URL | |
| Abstract: The excavations at Vértesszőlős lasted for seven years, yielding 8890 artefacts. Tthere were 2145 choppers and chopping tools among them. In the distertation of the author (Szőke 2004), technological analysis of these choppers and chopping tools have been accomplished. In the course of the analysis the main question addressed was if there is any rule, or any order in how they made the choppers and the chopping tools? Considering that such rules were existing, what were these, exactly? I have summerised the results of my analysis below in a tabular form. |
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BibTeX:
@article{FarkasSzoke2008,
author = {Farkas-Szőke, Szilvia},
title = {Chopperek és chopping-toolok. Technológiai elemzés vértesszőlősi eszközökön / Choppers and chopping tools. Technological investigation of the Vértesszőlős stone implements},
journal = {Archeometriai Műhely},
year = {2008},
volume = {5},
number = {2},
pages = {23-30},
url = {http://www.ace.hu/am/2008_2/AM-08-02-FSZSZ.pdf}
}
|
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Festa et al.
|
Neutron techniques in cultural heritage (Neutron alalpú analitikai technikák a kulturális örökség emlékeinek vizsgálatában) | 2006 | Archeometriai Műhely 3(2), pp. 32-36 |
article | URL | |
| Abstract: Roman marble fragments from the Villa Adriana at Tivoli (Rome) have been characterised by neutron diffraction. This study aimed at distinguishing between different marble types on the basis of the mineral phase compositions and the crystallographic textures. The texture information, along with other structure details, can be used as characterising feature to address questions of attribution and restoration of archaeological marble, ceramic or bronze objects. |
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BibTeX:
@article{FestaETAL2006,
author = {Festa, G. and Andreani, C. and Filabozzi, A. and Malfitana, D. and Poblome, J.},
title = {Neutron techniques in cultural heritage (Neutron alalpú analitikai technikák a kulturális örökség emlékeinek vizsgálatában)},
journal = {Archeometriai Műhely},
year = {2006},
volume = {3},
number = {2},
pages = {32-36},
url = {http://www.ace.hu/am/2006_2/AM-2006-2-CA.pdf}
}
|
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Festa et al.
|
Neutron Diffraction Analysis of "Black Boxes" | 2008 | Archeometriai Műhely 5(1), pp. 61-72 |
article | URL | |
| Abstract: The Ancient Charm project addresses several aspects of neutron analyses of archaeological materials, with the specific aim to developing neutron activation and neutron diffraction into imaging methods. One of the central techniques is element determination by Neutron Resonant Capture Analysis (NRCA), besides the more established Prompt Gamma Activation Analysis (PGAA). Neutron diffraction is another technique employed in this project, for mapping the spatial distribution of crystallographic phases in a sample. Ancient Charm provides the prospect of combining several of these analytical neutron methods with neutron radiography in order to obtain a comprehensive characterisation of the interior of an artefact. This paper reports on neutron diffraction results on 17 of so-called ?Black Boxes?, closed cubes containing geometrical arrangements of materials such as metals, minerals, ceramics, and organic matter. The measurements were carried out at the pulse neutron source ISIS at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory in the United Kingdom. The aim of this ?Black Box? study was to identify strengths and weaknesses of neutron diffraction for analysing archaeological objects and to develop a best practice for a combined use of analysis methods for different combinations of materials. |
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BibTeX:
@article{FestaETAL2008,
author = {Festa, G. and Kockelmann, W. and Kirfel, A. and the Ancient Charm collaboration,},
title = {Neutron Diffraction Analysis of "Black Boxes"},
journal = {Archeometriai Műhely},
year = {2008},
volume = {5},
number = {1},
pages = {61-72},
url = {http://www.ace.hu/am/2008_1/AM-08-01-GF.pdf}
}
|
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FitzGerald
|
Non-destructive micro-analysis of historical artefacts using micro-XRF / Műtárgyak roncsonásmentes vizsgálata mikro-XRF segítségével | 2008 | Archeometriai Műhely 5(3), pp. 75-80 |
article | URL | |
| Abstract: The technique of micro X-ray fluorescence provides a fast, non-destructive analytical method for the analysis of elemental composition in a wide range of samples, with microscopic spatial resolution. Within archaeometry this technique is used to characterise a wide range of materials. A number of applications in this field are presented in this overview article, demonstrating the power of this technique for archaeologists and museum scientists. |
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BibTeX:
@article{Fitzgerald2008,
author = {FitzGerald, Simon},
title = {Non-destructive micro-analysis of historical artefacts using micro-XRF / Műtárgyak roncsonásmentes vizsgálata mikro-XRF segítségével},
journal = {Archeometriai Műhely},
year = {2008},
volume = {5},
number = {3},
pages = {75-80},
url = {http://www.ace.hu/am/2008_3/AM-08-03-SF.pdf}
}
|
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Friedel et al.
|
Az Ebenhöch csiszolt k?eszköz gy?jtemény archeometriai vizsgálatának eredményei / Archaeometrical processing of polished stone artefacts of the Ebenhöch-collection (Hungarian National Museum, Budapest, Hungary) | 2008 | Archeometriai Műhely 5(3), pp. 1-12 |
article | URL | |
| Abstract: The polished stone tool collection of Ferenc Ebenhöch, abbot-canon in Győr comprise today nearly 700 items in the Hungarian National Museum. It is of special importance due to the large quantity as well as the exquisite quality of the objects. The collection was acquired by the HNM in the late decades of the 19th century. The authors performed a complete petroarchaeological investigation project on this collection. All items were described and documented macroscopically. The main raw material groups were ascertained. All of the important groups were sampled and further investigated by petrographic, physical and geochemical methods. Thin sections were made with standard petrographic description. Magnetic susceptibility of viable pieces were measured. Non-destructive chemical analysis (Prompt Gamma Activation Analysis) was performed on selected pieces and electron microprobe analyses was done on a part of the thin sections. The dominant raw material types of the polished stone tools are different types of metabasite (greenschist-amphibolite types), serpentinite, basalt and in minor quantities, other volcanites, metamagmatites like metagabbro and occasionally hornfels, HP metamorphic rocks (eclogitic rocks) and sandstone. |
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BibTeX:
@article{FriedelETAL2008,
author = {Friedel, Orsolya and Bradák, Balázs and Szakmány, György and Szilágyi, Veronika and T. Biró, Katalin},
title = {Az Ebenhöch csiszolt k?eszköz gy?jtemény archeometriai vizsgálatának eredményei / Archaeometrical processing of polished stone artefacts of the Ebenhöch-collection (Hungarian National Museum, Budapest, Hungary)},
journal = {Archeometriai Műhely},
year = {2008},
volume = {5},
number = {3},
pages = {1-12},
url = {http://www.ace.hu/am/2008_3/AM-08-03-FO.pdf}
}
|
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Füköh
|
Nekrológ-nyersanyag - arckép írásban / Raw material for an obituary. Self-portrait in writing | 2007 | Archeometriai Műhely 4(1), pp. 01-6 |
article | URL | |
| Abstract: Dr. Miklós Kretzói, known to his students and followers as Miklós bácsi compiled his own biography in his last year as a 'necrology resource', in order to supply us with the necessary facts. We think it is most useful to publish this short communication without any changes. The autobiography of Dr. Miklós Kretzoi is a brief summary of his activities during his long life for Hungarian and international research of geosciences in the widest sense. He closed his thoughts in a characteristic manner: 'I left out of this summary committees, board memberships at home and internationally, honours, awards (among them, the highest Hungarian scientific award called Széchenyi-prize) - the biography should tell you what I did and not how it was received'. The manuscript was arranged by Levente Fűköh (Mátra Museum, Gyöngyös) |
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BibTeX:
@article{Fukoh2007a,
author = {Füköh, Levente},
title = {Nekrológ-nyersanyag - arckép írásban / Raw material for an obituary. Self-portrait in writing},
journal = {Archeometriai Műhely},
year = {2007},
volume = {4},
number = {1},
pages = {01-6},
url = {http://www.ace.hu/am/2007_1/AM-2007-01-FL1.pdf}
}
|
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Füköh
|
Mészvázba zárt információk / Information coded in calcareous shell | 2007 | Archeometriai Műhely 4(1), pp. 07-12 |
article | URL | |
| Abstract: This paper focussed on a relatively young discipline looking back over a few decades, i.e., Holocene malacology, with special regard on its applicability to archaeology. Some case studies are presented to illustrate the subject. The selection of the topic is mainly chosen because both Hungarian and international technical literature seems to use this method frequently and therefore it seems useful to present some classical examples for the benefit of the younger generation of archaeologists; probably, that can lead to even more frequent use of this simple but powerful interdisciplinary methodology. |
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BibTeX:
@article{Fukoh2007b,
author = {Füköh, Levente},
title = {Mészvázba zárt információk / Information coded in calcareous shell},
journal = {Archeometriai Műhely},
year = {2007},
volume = {4},
number = {1},
pages = {07-12},
url = {http://www.ace.hu/am/2007_1/AM-2007-01-FL2.pdf}
}
|
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Gherdán
|
Nano léptékben az archeometriában: új lehetőség Magyarországon a kulturális örökség tárgyainak vizsgálatában: FIB/SEM (fókuszált ionsugaras mikroszkóp/szkenning elektronmikroszkóp) kétsugaras készülék az ELTE-n / FIB/SEM at Eötvös Loránd University | 2010 | Archeometriai Műhely 7(2), pp. 157-160 |
article | URL | |
| Abstract: In the framework of TAMOP 4.2.1. grant programme Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest has come into possession of a FEI Quanta 3D FIB/SEM microscope. The instrument provides outstanding opportunity for high resolution, nanoscale material research. During the current project phase (2010?2012) analysis of cultural heritage materials will also be possible. |
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BibTeX:
@article{Gherdan2010_2,
author = {Gherdán, Katalin},
title = {Nano léptékben az archeometriában: új lehetőség Magyarországon a kulturális örökség tárgyainak vizsgálatában: FIB/SEM (fókuszált ionsugaras mikroszkóp/szkenning elektronmikroszkóp) kétsugaras készülék az ELTE-n / FIB/SEM at Eötvös Loránd University},
journal = {Archeometriai Műhely},
year = {2010},
volume = {7},
number = {2},
pages = {157-160},
url = {http://www.ace.hu/am/2010_2/AM-10-02-GHK.pdf}
}
|
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Gherdán
|
7000 év kerámiái ? Vörs, Máriaasszony-sziget őskori kerámialeleteinek archeometriai összehasonlító vizsgálata területi kitekintéssel / Pottery sequence of 7000 years: archaeometrical study of pottery finds from Vörs, Máriaasszony-sziget | 2009 | Archeometriai Műhely 6(4), pp. 31-36 |
article | URL | |
| Abstract: This short communication is presenting the results of a PhD research done on ancient pottery, as part of an interdisciplinary project to establish the diachronic study of a multi-period habitation site, Vörs, Máriaasszonysziget. The approach combines traditional archaeology and archaeometry. The site lies in Southwest Hungary, near Lake Balaton, where the exceptionally favourable environmental endowments of the territory offered an ideal setting for habitation: 8 distinct chronological periods are separated on the basis of traditional archaeological methods. From these 105 pottery samples from 6 periods were selected for archaeometrical study. 31 samples from coeval nearby sites together with local sediments were also analysed for comparison. The aim of the research was to answer the questions of what? how? and where? in connection with the pottery assemblage, that is to obtain information on what kind of raw materials were used by ancient potters, how did pottery making recipes change throughout the 7000 thousand years of the site, what is the provenance of the pottery finds/raw materials. The analytical programme was based on thin section petrography (fabric and temper analysis), comparative geochemical and statistical analysis of the pottery finds. Petrographic investigation revealed that in the assemblage from Máriaasszony-sziget there is a pottery group which can be described with uniform fabric and non-plastic inclusions (made of aleuritic, fine sandy clay raw material) being present in all the examined cultures/periods. Geochemical analysis strengthened the hypothesis that this type of pottery represents local (near-site) ?basic? raw material that was used and tempered differently during the 7000-year-long life of the settlement. In one case the archaeological assumption of an import Early Bronze Age pottery was proved. In some other cases, based on petrographic and geochemical and statistical analysis non-local origin of the finds was suggested. Comparison with local raw materials revealed that ancient potters did not obtain their raw material at the site itself, but most probably used a nearby clayey material having a similar geochemical composition to that of the Upper Pannonian clay at Battyánpuszta, although it is non-calcareous. Technological investigation of Late Copper Age and Early Bronze Age incrusted ware showed that the incrustation material of the examined Kostolac ceramics was made of bone, while the incrustation material of one Early Bronze Age pottery was calcite. The results of the research of pottery from Vörs, Máriaasszony-sziget and local sediments maybe used as reference material for future analysis of Transdanubian prehistoric pottery. |
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BibTeX:
@article{Gherdan2009_4,
author = {Gherdán, Katalin},
title = {7000 év kerámiái ? Vörs, Máriaasszony-sziget őskori kerámialeleteinek archeometriai összehasonlító vizsgálata területi kitekintéssel / Pottery sequence of 7000 years: archaeometrical study of pottery finds from Vörs, Máriaasszony-sziget},
journal = {Archeometriai Műhely},
year = {2009},
volume = {6},
number = {4},
pages = {31-36},
url = {http://www.ace.hu/am/2009_4/AM-09-04-GHK.pdf}
}
|
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Gherdán et al.
|
Archaeometric studies on Early Bronze Age pottery from Vörs-Máriaasszony-sziget / Archeometriai vizsgálatok korabronzkori kerámián, Vörs-Máriaasszony-sziget Supplement | 2007 | Archeometriai Műhely 4(2), pp. 21-32 |
article | URL | |
| Abstract: This study presents the results of the petrographic, mineralogical and geochemical analysis of Kisapostag Culture (Early Bronze Age) pottery (jars or urns/amphorae) from Vörs-Máriaasszony-sziget. This study forms a part of a major project on pottery analysis at a multi-period archaeological site. Pottery samples were chosen through macroscopic examination of fabric and form and the investigations were based on thin section petrography, X-ray Powder Diffraction (XRPD), X-ray Fluorescence Analysis (XRF) and Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis (INAA). For comparison, coeval samples from a nearby settlement site ? Vörs-Tótok dombja ? were examined. The petrographic, mineralogical and geochemical properties of the sherds were compared to potential raw materials, obtained from closed archaeological units at Vörs-Máriaasszony-sziget (soil samples), from shallow boreholes drilled on Máriaasszony-sziget (sand samples), and from a nearby clay mine in Vörs-Battyánpuszta, 2 km north-east of the site (clay samples). The petrographic and geochemical characteristics of Kisapostag ceramics were also compared to that of the earliest ceramics of the site of Starčevo culture. It was found that most of the ceramics both from Máriaaszony-sziget and Tótok dombja were tempered with grog, while in the case of two sherds from Máriaasszony-sziget carbonate sand was used as temper. That clearly reflects the use of two distinct pottery making recipes. Mineralogical composition of the ceramics and the potential raw materials are very similar, however, there are differences in geochemical composition, concerning both major and trace elements. The results of the petrographic analysis of sandy sediments of the site and clays from Battyánpuszta suggest that the raw material source of the majority of the ceramics was most probably in the closest vicinity of Máriaasszony-sziget. The petrographic and geochemical composition of the two carbonate sand tempered sherds might reflect either the use of a different raw material source or the treatment of the extensively used natural sediment. |
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BibTeX:
@article{GherdanETAL2007,
author = {Gherdán, K. and Szakmány, Gy. and Tóth, M. and T. Biró, K.},
title = {Archaeometric studies on Early Bronze Age pottery from Vörs-Máriaasszony-sziget / Archeometriai vizsgálatok korabronzkori kerámián, Vörs-Máriaasszony-sziget Supplement},
journal = {Archeometriai Műhely},
year = {2007},
volume = {4},
number = {2},
pages = {21-32},
url = {http://www.ace.hu/am/2007_2/AM-2007-02-GHK.pdf}
}
|
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Gherdán et al.
|
Természettudományos megfigyelések a középső és késő rézkori kultúrák fazekasáruin Balatonőszöd?Temetői dűlő lelőhelyen / Analytical data on Middle and Late Copper Age pottery production at Balatonőszöd-Temetői dűlő | 2010 | Archeometriai Műhely 7(1), pp. 83-104 |
article | URL | |
| Abstract: The lifestyle of the large Balaton-Lasinja/Furchenstich and Boleráz/Baden settlement of Balatonőszöd-Temetői dűlő was investigated in respect of possible common ceramic forms, technology, tradition, food-products and consumption in the period of Middle and Late Copper Age (Balaton-Lasinja/Furchenstich, Boleráz, Baden cultures) with the help of natural sciences, adding to the archaeological investigations (see Horváth, in this volume). |
||||||
BibTeX:
@article{Gherdán2010_1,
author = {Gherdán, Katalin and Tóth, Mária and Herbich, Katalin and Mária Hajnalová and Martin Hloľek and Lubomír Prokeą and Mihály, Judit and Horváth Tünde},
title = {Természettudományos megfigyelések a középső és késő rézkori kultúrák fazekasáruin Balatonőszöd?Temetői dűlő lelőhelyen / Analytical data on Middle and Late Copper Age pottery production at Balatonőszöd-Temetői dűlő},
journal = {Archeometriai Műhely},
year = {2010},
volume = {7},
number = {1},
pages = {83-104},
url = {http://www.ace.hu/am/2010_1/AM-10-01-GHK.pdf}
}
|
||||||
Gunneweg et al.
|
Pompei tálak. Eredethatározás neutron aktivációs analízissel és a nyersanyag vizsgálata szinkrotron módszerekkel | 2004 | Archeometriai Műhely 1(1), pp. 32-33 |
article | URL | |
| Abstract: Pompeian Red Ware consists of shallow plates or pans with a shiny burnished slip at the inside of the vessel. Their diameter varies from 16 cm to as large as 46 cm. and larger. The majority of these plates have a series of 5-10 concentric circles cut into the bottom of the plate. The circles are about 0. 2-0. 5 mm apart. A great number of them are signed by a potter (D) MAR(I). The plate, considered a good time marker, is dated to the 1st century AD and found in a great variety of sites, such as at Colchester, in England, Halteren and Oberaden in Germany, Tschandarli in Turkey, Ampurias in Spain, and Samaria and Avdat (Oboda) in Israel. The goal of this research was threefold: 1) to check whether the various shades of the color of the slip and the fabric depend on firing conditions in the kiln, 2) to determine the provenance of the plates by neutron activation analysis (hence NAA) compared to earlier inconclusive results and 3) whether there was a global recipe to manufacture these plates locally at various sites simultaneously or were they items of trade from a few production centers. A parallel study has been undertaken on the slip of these potsherds using SR OD-XAS, powder XRD, micro-XRD and micro-XRF. Our research showed that we may have to reconsider the provenance of the plates in light of newly obtained NAA results and at the same time refute archaeological conclusions that have circulated over the past fifty years. |
||||||
BibTeX:
@article{GunnewegETAL2004,
author = {J. Gunneweg and M. Balla and M. Pantos and N. Poolton and M. Mueller and M. Burghammer and I. Snigieva},
title = {Pompei tálak. Eredethatározás neutron aktivációs analízissel és a nyersanyag vizsgálata szinkrotron módszerekkel},
journal = {Archeometriai Műhely},
year = {2004},
volume = {1},
number = {1},
pages = {32-33},
url = {http://www.ace.hu/am/2004_1/AM-2004-BM.pdf}
}
|
||||||
Gál
|
Könyvismertetés / Book review: Zbigniew M. Bocheński & Teresa Tomek (2009): A key for the identification of domestic bird bones in Europe: Preliminary determination. Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals [BibTeX] |
2009 | Archeometriai Műhely 6(4), pp. 71-72 |
article | URL | |
BibTeX:
@article{Gal2009_4,
author = {Gál, Erika},
title = {Könyvismertetés / Book review: Zbigniew M. Bocheński & Teresa Tomek (2009): A key for the identification of domestic bird bones in Europe: Preliminary determination. Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals},
journal = {Archeometriai Műhely},
year = {2009},
volume = {6},
number = {4},
pages = {71-72},
url = {http://www.ace.hu/am/2009_4/AM-09-04-kozl.pdf}
}
|
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Götze
|
Origin, mineralogy, nomenclature and provenance of silica and SiO2 rocks / A kovakőzetek eredete, terminológiája és származási helye | 2010 | Archeometriai Műhely 7(3), pp. 163-176 |
article | URL | |
| Abstract: The various modifications of silica, especially quartz, play a central role in the composition of geological materials. Owing to their abundance and properties, SiO2 minerals and rocks have been used since the beginning of human being in different applications such as tools, weaponries, jewelleries or building materials. The occurrence of different silica minerals within SiO2 rocks and the similarity in mineral composition of those stones require a clear terminology and nomenclature of both the silica polymorphs and varieties as well as the different types of SiO2 rocks and their genesis. Because of the often monotonous composition of these rocks, they only differ in texture, grain size, kind and content of binding agents and thus, are hardly to be classified in a hand specimen or by routine polarizing microscopy. Therefore, an integrated mineralogical and geochemical analysis is necessary for a detailed characterization. The present review gives an overview concerning the state of the art of the mineralogical and petrographical nomenclature of silica and SiO2 rocks and the analytical approach for the identification and classification of these materials. |
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BibTeX:
@article{Goetze2010_3,
author = {Götze, Jens},
title = {Origin, mineralogy, nomenclature and provenance of silica and SiO2 rocks / A kovakőzetek eredete, terminológiája és származási helye},
journal = {Archeometriai Műhely},
year = {2010},
volume = {7},
number = {3},
pages = {163-176},
url = {http://www.ace.hu/am/2010_3/AM-10-03-JG.pdf}
}
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Hajnal
|
Test objects for developing 3D material analysis on Cultural Heritage objects: Plans for the "black boxes" to be analysed in the Ancient Charm Project | 2008 | Archeometriai Műhely 5(1), pp. 03-6 |
article | URL | |
| Abstract: In the framework of the Ancient Charm Project (Analysis by Neutron resonant Capture Imaging and other Emerging Neutron Techniques: new Cultural Heritage and Archaeological Research Methods, http://ancientcharm. neutron-eu.net/ach), imaging potentials of non-destructive neutron analytical methods are evaluated for archaeological applications. Prior to working on real archaeological specimens, so-called 'black boxes' were constructed (and characterised) for tests of the various methods. This paper is about the planning of the test boxes. |
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BibTeX:
@article{Hajnal2008,
author = {Hajnal, Zsuzsa},
title = {Test objects for developing 3D material analysis on Cultural Heritage objects: Plans for the "black boxes" to be analysed in the Ancient Charm Project},
journal = {Archeometriai Műhely},
year = {2008},
volume = {5},
number = {1},
pages = {03-6},
url = {http://www.ace.hu/am/2008_1/AM-08-01-HZS.pdf}
}
|
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Halamić and ©oąić-Klindľić
|
Radiolarites and radiolarian cherts in Northern Croatia - possible sources for the production of artifacts / Radiolarit és radioláriás tűzkő Észak-Horvátországban - lehetséges kőeszköz nyersanyagforrások | 2009 | Archeometriai Műhely 6(3), pp. 19-24 |
article | URL | |
| Abstract: Rhythmic bedding of alternating nonsiliceous and siliceous layers is one of the most prominent features of biogenic siliceous sediments. One of the best examples of rhythmites are Mesozoic ribbon radiolarites. In Northern Croatia, the deposits of radiolarian cherts and radiolarites, partially associated with magmatic rocks are located in county Banovina (Zrinska Mt), ®umberak, Medvednica, Ivanąčica and Kalnik Mts. These rocks are constituents of Late Jurassic subduction complex (tectonic melánge). Palaeontological investigations revealed their Triassic (Ladinian-Carnian) and Jurassic (latest Bajocian-early Callovian) age. Macroscopical and microscopical examinations of samples reveal its low quality for stone tools production, but also its feasibility for local ad-hoc production. The radiolarites and radiolarian cherts near Lasinja in the northern Banovina are the possible sources for production of artifacts during (at least) the Lasinja culture period on wider territory of continental Croatia. |
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BibTeX:
@article{Halamic&Sosic2009_3,
author = {Halamić, Josip and ©oąić-Klindľić, Rajna},
title = {Radiolarites and radiolarian cherts in Northern Croatia - possible sources for the production of artifacts / Radiolarit és radioláriás tűzkő Észak-Horvátországban - lehetséges kőeszköz nyersanyagforrások},
journal = {Archeometriai Műhely},
year = {2009},
volume = {6},
number = {3},
pages = {19-24},
url = {http://www.ace.hu/am/2009_3/AM-09-03-JH.pdf}
}
|
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Havancsák et al.
|
A petrográfiai vizsgálatok jelentősége a kelta kerámiák grafitos soványítóanyagának proveniencia meghatározásában / Significance of petrographic investigations in the determination of provenance of graphitic temper in Celtic ceramics | 2009 | Archeometriai Műhely 6(4), pp. 01-14 |
article | URL | |
| Abstract: Graphite-tempered ceramics were commonly used by the Celts from Southern Germany to Transylvania and from Bohemia to Northern Balkans in the La T?ne period. One of the major scientific questions related to these ceramics is the origin of the graphitic temper added to the clay, as such ceramics have been found on archaeological sites distant from known geological sources of graphitic rocks. Thus, the first phase of the archaeometric research should focus on the petrographic investigation of graphitic rock fragments of ceramics as it may provide information on the geological origin of the graphitic temper. Current work includes petrographic (polarizing and cathodoluminescence microscopy) study of Celtic graphitic ceramics from Bátaszék-Körtvélyes dűlő, Szűr and Szajk archaeological sites and aims to answer the question whether the graphitic temper used by different settlements was originated from similar geological regions. Graphitic rock fragments in the ceramics are similar at all three archaeological sites and consist of graphite, quartz, K-feldspar, plagioclase, mica (muscovite, biotite), kyanite, sillimanite, occasionally calcite, tourmaline and amphibole. The rock used as temper is medium to high grade metamorphic (amphibolite facies) graphitic gneiss containing sillimanite and kyanite index minerals. Formerly studied graphitic ceramics from Dunaszentgyörgy show similar mineralogical composition. Ceramics from Szajk contain higher amount of calcite in the graphitic rock fragments, presumably marbly graphitic gneiss was used for temper. Graphitic rock can be originated from several possible source regions; one of them is the Kropfmühl region in Southern Germany. Comparative petrographic study has been carried out on graphitic rock samples from three deposits of the region (Kropfmühl graphite mine, Steinbruch Grögöd, Erlau). Considering the mineralogical composition of the rock samples and the metamorphic evolution of the region, in the case of the studied archaeological artefacts the Kropfmühl region can be safely excluded as potential source area of graphite. Based on the metamorphic grade and mineralogical composition, the most probable source region of the graphitic rock fragments added to the pottery is the Variegated Unit located in the Southern Czech Republic, in the Moldanubian zone of the Bohemian Massif. |
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BibTeX:
@article{HavancsakETAL2009_4,
author = {Havancsák, Izabella and Bajnóczi, Bernadett and Szakmány, György and Kreiter, Attila and Szöllősi, Szilvia and Gáti, Csilla},
title = {A petrográfiai vizsgálatok jelentősége a kelta kerámiák grafitos soványítóanyagának proveniencia meghatározásában / Significance of petrographic investigations in the determination of provenance of graphitic temper in Celtic ceramics},
journal = {Archeometriai Műhely},
year = {2009},
volume = {6},
number = {4},
pages = {01-14},
url = {http://www.ace.hu/am/2009_4/AM-09-04-HI.pdf}
}
|
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Havancsák et al.
|
Kelta grafitos kerámia: elmélet és gyakorlat dunaszentgyörgyi kerámiák ásványtani, petrográfia és geokémiai vizsgálatának tükrében / Celtic graphitic pottery: theory and practice in the light of mineralogical, petrographic and geochemical study of ceramics from Dunaszentgyörgy (S-Hungary) | 2009 | Archeometriai Műhely 6(1), pp. 39-52 |
article | URL | |
| Abstract: The Celtic graphitic ceramics are a distinctive type of pottery, known from most part of the Central European Celtic world. In the territory of Hungary graphitic situla-like pots were produced in great numbers from the middle La T?ne period (LT B2) until the decline of the Celtic dominion (1st cent. A.D.). Widespread occurrence of graphitic (i.e. graphite-bearing) ceramics, not only around the graphite sources, suggests their extended trade. The provenance and the main distribution form (raw material, graphitic clay or finished graphitic ware) of graphite are, however, still not clear. This study was performed on graphitic and non-graphitic sherds from Dunaszentgyörgy archaeological site located in South-Hungary (LT B2-C1). Both graphitic and non-graphitic ceramics contain similar non-plastic components, mainly quartz, K-feldspar, plagioclase, muscovite, calcareous fragments, as well as apatite and zircon inclusions in quartz and feldspar grains. In addition graphitic ceramics contain graphite in variable size (from some ?m to 5 mm) and amount (up to 40%). Graphite appears as opaque individual flakes in the matrix and also occurs in metamorphic lithoclasts consisting of quartz, K-feldspar, muscovite, sillimanite, kyanite, amphibole and tourmaline. Chemical compositions of graphitic and non-graphitic ceramics measured by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry are similar. X-ray diffraction analysis reveals that most of the sherds lack hightemperature Ca-silicate minerals and the firing temperatures of both ceramics types were usually below 850?C, in some cases below 650°C. Raw materials of graphitic and non-graphitic wares seem to be very similar, and both types of ware were produced ?locally?. The raw material could have been fine-grained (clayey-sandy) sediments (e.g. alluvium, loess), which are available in the wide vicinity of Dunaszentgyörgy. Graphite was imported and intentionally added to the raw material to produce a special type of ware. Graphite is derived from a medium to high grade metamorphic rock (graphitic paragneiss), which can be found nearest in the Moldanubicum zone of the Bohemian Massif. Comparing the mineralogical composition of graphitic lithoclasts with the published petrological data, the potential source for graphite is presumably located in the Variegated Series, in the area of the Southern Czech Republic. Our results support recent archaeological assumptions according to which the trade of raw graphite (together with the host rock), sometimes over long distances, is predominant in the La T?ne period. |
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BibTeX:
@article{HavancsakETAL2009,
author = {Havancsák, Izabella and Bajnóczi, Bernadett and Tóth, Mária and Kreiter, Attila and Szöllősi, Szilvia},
title = {Kelta grafitos kerámia: elmélet és gyakorlat dunaszentgyörgyi kerámiák ásványtani, petrográfia és geokémiai vizsgálatának tükrében / Celtic graphitic pottery: theory and practice in the light of mineralogical, petrographic and geochemical study of ceramics from Dunaszentgyörgy (S-Hungary)},
journal = {Archeometriai Műhely},
year = {2009},
volume = {6},
number = {1},
pages = {39-52},
url = {http://www.ace.hu/am/2009_1/AM-09-01-HI.PDF}
}
|
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Havasi
|
1200 körüli kisarchitektúra a középkori egri székesegyházból. Művészettörténeti kérdések és természettudományos vizsgálatok / Fragmenst from the Eger Medieval Cathedral around 1200. Art historical questions and archaeometrical examinations | 2009 | Archeometriai Műhely 6(4), pp. 65-70 |
article | URL | |
| Abstract: Remains from the rebuilding of Eger Medieval Cathedral at the turn of 12-13 century included numerous fragments of small architecture structured by niches and accompanied by incrustations and decorative floor. Carvings of the small architecture works around 1200 had two basic stone materials: red coloured andesite (used only in superstructures), while details of the small architecture, decorative floor, covers and ornamental carvings were made of white greyish and pinkish ? marble? (crystalline limestone). This white ?marble? was kept in evidence by former researches as an import. Sources from the 18th century - archives and the use of this material in a large scale on the buildings of the cathedrals around 1200 turned attention to the possibility of a quarry in the neighbourhood. Results of the research started by the Institute for Geochemical Research of HAS seem to support this. Testing gave adherent answer to the question that the similar "marble" material of the socalled Diósgyőri Madonna (Giovanni Dalmata, around 1490) could be made of the same material as the Eger small architecture works around 1200 and the Renaissance works as well. Hopefully, with help of the current archaeometry testing many other art historical questions can be clarified. |
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BibTeX:
@article{Havasi2009_4,
author = {Havasi, Krisztina},
title = {1200 körüli kisarchitektúra a középkori egri székesegyházból. Művészettörténeti kérdések és természettudományos vizsgálatok / Fragmenst from the Eger Medieval Cathedral around 1200. Art historical questions and archaeometrical examinations},
journal = {Archeometriai Műhely},
year = {2009},
volume = {6},
number = {4},
pages = {65-70},
url = {http://www.ace.hu/am/2009_4/AM-09-04-HK.pdf}
}
|
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Horváth and Bendő
|
Provenance study on a collection of loose garnets from a Gepidic period grave in Northeast Hungary / Egy gepida kori sírból származó gránátlelet proveniencia vizsgálata | 2011 | Archeometriai Műhely 8(1), pp. 17-32 |
article | URL | |
| Abstract: Red gemstones identified mostly as garnets generally occurred in the 5th-6th-century Europe as inlay decoration of fine metalwork. Their majority are known in cut and mounted form ? loose, unmounted pieces are very rarely found. For that reason, it is of great importance that a few years ago seventeen such loose red gemstones were unearthed at a rescue excavation at Hajdúnánás-Fürj-Halom-dűlő (Hajdú-Bihar County). These gemstones are considered as remains in a robbed grave of a late 5th-century cemetery, i.e. dated to the Gepidic period. The lack of any related goldsmith artefact and the visible different phases of the gem-cutting process allow us to interpret them as independent pieces in a collection. While mounts and cell walls usually make the accurate observation difficult, the loose character of these pieces permitted to perform an extensive investigation in order to identify the mineral species and to determine their possible geological-geographical origin. The results of the gemmological-mineralogical and geochemical analyses revealed that the red gemstones are Fe-rich as well as Fe-Mg-rich garnets, i.e. almandine and intermediate varieties between pyrope and almandine. Concerning the garnet paragenesis, the raw material has experienced medium- to high-grade metamorphism, for the most part at medium pressure and has formed in metapelite source rocks. The comparative analysis of the mineral inclusions and the concentration of the major constituents pointed out that they may have been exploited from alluvial deposits most likely in South India and Sri Lanka. An increasing number of archaeometrical investigations are being worldwide performed in order to deepen our knowledge about the used raw material sources and trade links in the Early Middle Ages, when garnet inlaid jewellery had an unprecedented spread. Nevertheless, interpretation of the results presented in this paper can be considered as the first provenance study related to early medieval garnets found in the present Hungary. |
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BibTeX:
@article{HorvathE2011_1,
author = {Horváth, Eszter and Bendő, Zsolt},
title = {Provenance study on a collection of loose garnets from a Gepidic period grave in Northeast Hungary / Egy gepida kori sírból származó gránátlelet proveniencia vizsgálata},
journal = {Archeometriai Műhely},
year = {2011},
volume = {8},
number = {1},
pages = {17-32},
url = {http://www.ace.hu/am/2011_1/AM-11-01-HE.pdf}
}
|
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Horváth et al.
|
An early medieval buckle with cloisonné decoration. The localization of workshop area by archaeometrical investigation / Egy kora középkori cloisonné díszes övcsat. A műhelykörzet lokalizálása archeometriai módszerekkel [BibTeX] |
2009 | Archeometriai Műhely 6(4), pp. 15-30 |
article | URL | |
BibTeX:
@article{HorvathEETAL2009_4,
author = {Horváth, Eszter and May, Zoltán and S. Kovács, Judit and Tóth, Mária},
title = {An early medieval buckle with cloisonné decoration. The localization of workshop area by archaeometrical investigation / Egy kora középkori cloisonné díszes övcsat. A műhelykörzet lokalizálása archeometriai módszerekkel},
journal = {Archeometriai Műhely},
year = {2009},
volume = {6},
number = {4},
pages = {15-30},
url = {http://www.ace.hu/am/2009_4/AM-09-04-HE.pdf}
}
|
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Horváth
|
Megfigyelések a középső és késő rézkori kultúrák fazekasáruin Balatonőszöd?Temetői dűlő lelőhelyen. Készítéstechnikai vizsgálatok. / Archaeological contribution to the study of the Middle and Late Copper Age pottery | 2010 | Archeometriai Műhely 7(1), pp. 51-82 |
article | URL | |
| Abstract: In this paper the lifestyle of the large Balaton-Lasinja/Furchenstich and Boleráz/Baden settlement, Balatonőszöd-Temetői dűlő was investigated, in the respect of possible common ceramic forms, technology, tradition, food-products and consumption in the period of Middle and Late Copper Age. Archaeometrical investigation of the same subject is presented below in the article of Gherdán et al., same volume. On the base of the excavation data, the water?logged settlement of Balatonőszöd?Temetői dűlő first time was dated in the Middle Copper Age, Balaton?Lasinja/Furchenastich period. In the pottery we can find many similarities to the Late Copper Age Boleráz/Baden period (e.g. the same clay?mine used, pottery tempered with grog, same burning method, polished pottery surface, dark color, dotted and channeled decoration, birch?bark tar using on the inner or outer surface, handles fixed by joint, appaerance liquid?storage vessels with handle: e.g. jugs, amphorae). We can notice some differences also: in the Middle Copper Age the potters built the pottery from bands, in the Late Copper Age the potters worked also with patches. There are differences in the fixing of the bottom to the vessel?side. Because of the closest analogies among the vessel?forms and building technique, and the mixed features and finds on the same site we suggest the interaction of this two periods. The possible synchronism happened around 3700-3500 cal BC. The practice to make pots in the Boleráz and the Baden periods was the same, but among the forms we can find many differences. Both population used the same clay pits, technology and vegetal decoration system. The organic residues on the pots indicated fixed, common or familiar / household cooking places and culture: food prepared mainly from animal products. Both cultures were basically stock?breeding communities, and they lived on extensive, sparse settlements. The Boleráz and the Baden independent folk fused at the site among 3300-3100 cal BC. |
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BibTeX:
@article{Horváth2010_1,
author = {Horváth, Tünde},
title = {Megfigyelések a középső és késő rézkori kultúrák fazekasáruin Balatonőszöd?Temetői dűlő lelőhelyen. Készítéstechnikai vizsgálatok. / Archaeological contribution to the study of the Middle and Late Copper Age pottery},
journal = {Archeometriai Műhely},
year = {2010},
volume = {7},
number = {1},
pages = {51-82},
url = {http://www.ace.hu/am/2010_1/AM-10-01-HT.pdf}
}
|
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Horváth et al.
|
Újabb adatok a baden-péceli kultúra keltezéséhez | 2006 | Archeometriai Műhely 3(3), pp. 19-30 |
article | URL | |
| Abstract: During 2001-2002 we carried out rescue excavations at Balatonőszöd-Temetői dűlő. The excavation area, covered 100,000 m2, containing 2800 pits, 320 ovens. Above the features a coherent, thick stratum (cultural layer) was observed, yielding abundant find material. The settlement of the Baden Culture represents the pottery finds IB-IC-IIA-IIB-III. phases in the typological system of N?mejcova-Pavúková. There are more than 100 pits containing human - and animal - skeletons (ritual pits). Among them, there were 20 pits, from which we took samples, and obtained 14C-dates. |
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BibTeX:
@article{HorvathETAL2006,
author = {Horváth, Tünde and S. Svingor, Éva and Molnár, Mihály},
title = {Újabb adatok a baden-péceli kultúra keltezéséhez},
journal = {Archeometriai Műhely},
year = {2006},
volume = {3},
number = {3},
pages = {19-30},
url = {http://www.ace.hu/am/2006_3/AM-2006-3-HT.pdf}
}
|
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Horváth
|
Geo-archeopedológus munkája a kulturális örökségvédelmi szakszolgálatban - a földtani talajtani protokoll (GPP) alkalmazása és esettanulmányok / Geo-pedological work at the Field Service for Cultural Heritage | 2009 | Archeometriai Műhely 6(2), pp. 01-13 |
article | URL | |
| Abstract: The present paper is the theme of my presentation which had been written for the Discussion Meeting of the Archeoemetry Workshop which was staged at the Hungarian National Museum in March 2009. The presentation was about the works of the geo-pedologist who assists archeological research and about some ideas and results related to these tasks. I illustrate in this study, summarizing my experiences, that geological and pedological observations giving environmental information could greatly support archeologists in the reconstruction of the interaction between human and natural conditions. However, these types of research also facilitate the planning of archeological works before the excavation (preventive research) and when underway. These studies could establish databases which are suitable for the interpretation of the data from different points of view. These researches require cooperation between natural scientists and archeologists. |
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BibTeX:
@article{Horvath2009,
author = {Horváth, Zoltán,},
title = {Geo-archeopedológus munkája a kulturális örökségvédelmi szakszolgálatban - a földtani talajtani protokoll (GPP) alkalmazása és esettanulmányok / Geo-pedological work at the Field Service for Cultural Heritage},
journal = {Archeometriai Műhely},
year = {2009},
volume = {6},
number = {2},
pages = {01-13},
url = {http://www.ace.hu/am/2009_2/AM-09-02-HZ.pdf}
}
|
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Hupuczi and Sümegi
|
A madarasi téglagyári löszszelvény legújabb malakológiai vizsgálatának eredményei / Latest malacological results of the loess section at Madaras brickyard | 2011 | Archeometriai Műhely 8(2), pp. 157-162 |
article | URL | |
| Abstract: 36 species and 110 506 specimens of molluscs were collected and identified from 250 samples of the loess profile at Madaras, South Hungary. According to changes in the mollusc fauna, six malacological? palaeoecological zones can be identified in this profile. The Quaternary malacological data from the Madaras loess section suggest that the Middle and Late Pleniglacial development of the mollusc fauna, and local climatic and environmental conditions in this area differed from other loess regions in Europe. |
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BibTeX:
@article{Hupuczi2011_2,
author = {Hupuczi, Júlia and Sümegi, Pál},
title = {A madarasi téglagyári löszszelvény legújabb malakológiai vizsgálatának eredményei / Latest malacological results of the loess section at Madaras brickyard},
journal = {Archeometriai Műhely},
year = {2011},
volume = {8},
number = {2},
pages = {157-162},
url = {http://www.ace.hu/am/2011_2/AM-11-02-HJ.pdf}
}
|
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Hír and Venczel
|
Előzetes beszámoló a litkei Krétabánya -völgy középső miocén gerinces maradványairól / Preliminary report on the Middle Miocene vertebrate remains from Litke, Krétabánya -valley | 2007 | Archeometriai Műhely 4(1), pp. 59-66 |
article | URL | |
| Abstract: A preliminary report on the results of the paleontological excavations in the Krétabánya Valley at Litke A freshwater ?continental series was described South to Litke in the Krétabánya Valley (= ?Valley of the Chalk Mine?) (Fig. 1) in the begining of the 20th century. The fine white diatomite was intensively mined here during the thirties and the forties. The intercyclic lithostratigraphical position of the freshwater series between the Karpatian and Badenian marine cycles was first realized by BARTKÓ (1949). The mollusc fauna was studied by CSEPREGHY ?MEZNERICS (1950). She described the Lymnaeus pachygaster nogradensis n. ssp., Planorbarius cornu mantelli, Planorbarius cornu var. However these taxa were not adequate for exact biostratigraphic classification. In the Hungarian geological literature the geochronological position of the freshwater series of Litke was uncertain. It was described as Karpatian by a group of the authors (e.g. HÁMOR 1985) and it was regarded as Badenian by another group (e.g. BALOGH 1966). In 2001 a new period of the field activity was initiated by the author and Dr. Péter Prakfalvi. The paleovertebrate locality (GPS: N: 47° 49,727? E: 19°40, 668?) was found by the author and Mr. Tibor Brunda in 2004. 2 metric tones of sediment was collected from the bone bearing diatomaceous clay (Fig. 2) in 2005. A sieve with 0.5 mm mesh was applied for the flotation of the sediment. Up to the present we found the following taxa. Prolagus oeningensis (König, 1825) Characteristic lower premolars of the species were found (Fig. 9.). Miodyromys sp. The extremely small dimensions of the molars are remarkable (Fig. 10.). Keramidomys sp. The material is not enough for an exact determination (Fig. 11), but the species K. reductus and K. pertesunatoi can be excluded. Cricetodon sp. The dimensions are similar to C. meini, but some morphological characters (e. g. the well developed posterior ectoloph of the labial cusp of the anteroconus is similar to C. aureus (Figs. 3.-8.,Fig. 13.). Democricetodon mutilus FAHLBUSCH, 1964 One m1 molar was found (Fig. 12.). In Hungary the species was found in Mátraszőlős 2. (HÍR & KÓKAY 2004). Megacricetodon sp. The morphology is similar to M. minor on the whole (Fig. 16.), but one M1 (Figs. 14-15.) has a rare morphotype because of the presence of long anteromesoloph and long mesoloph. As a preliminary conclusion we can classify the biochronological position of the fauna as early MN6 which is referable to the early Badenian. The field activity and the elaboration is going on. |
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BibTeX:
@article{HirVenczel2007,
author = {Hír, J. and Venczel, M.},
title = {Előzetes beszámoló a litkei Krétabánya -völgy középső miocén gerinces maradványairól / Preliminary report on the Middle Miocene vertebrate remains from Litke, Krétabánya -valley},
journal = {Archeometriai Műhely},
year = {2007},
volume = {4},
number = {1},
pages = {59-66},
url = {http://www.ace.hu/am/2007_1/AM-2007-01-HJ.pdf}
}
|
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Iakovleva
|
Les parures en coquillages au paléolithique supérieur recent dans les territoires de peuplement du Bassin du Dniepr / Ornaments made of molluscs in the Late Upper Palaeolithic on the habitation areas of the Dniepr Basin | 2005 | Archeometriai Műhely 2(4), pp. 26-37 |
article | URL | |
| Abstract: The sites owning to the techno-complex Mezinian (also named eastern Epigravettian), are well defined in space (upper and middle Dnepr basin) and time (15 000 -14 000 BP). They are showing the evidence of a body ornamentation with objects realised by four different raw material from local and distant origins (fossils, sea and river shells, ivory, animal teeth, amber). In such a symbolic system, the use of shells from different species has been very selective. The use of shells from the black sea is showing the link between north-eastern hunter-gatherer groups and the Mediterranean regions. The choice for certain species of shells and the variability of the assemblages of ornaments known in several sites are revealing the evidence of a symbolization of the social organization. The differential distribution of shell ornaments has been pointed out in the multi-occupation site of Semenivka (where there is no portable art), which is a halt site occupied during seasonal travels, due also to needs in procurement of distant shell. The association of the same types of shells with several other types of ornaments and portable art in other residential sites like Mezine, Mejiriche and Ioudinovo, is showing the major role of the residential sites as central place in charge of the cultural, spiritual and social code of the hunter-gatherer groups and of the intergroup relationships inside their territory. | ||||||
BibTeX:
@article{Iakovleva2005,
author = {Iakovleva, Lioudmila},
title = {Les parures en coquillages au paléolithique supérieur recent dans les territoires de peuplement du Bassin du Dniepr / Ornaments made of molluscs in the Late Upper Palaeolithic on the habitation areas of the Dniepr Basin},
journal = {Archeometriai Műhely},
year = {2005},
volume = {2},
number = {4},
pages = {26-37},
url = {http://www.ace.hu/am/2005_4/AM-2005-4-LJ.pdf}
}
|
||||||
Kasztovszky
|
Beszámoló a 'TECHNART 2009 - Non-destructive and Microanalytical Techniques in Art and Cultural Heritage' konferenciáról [BibTeX] |
2009 | Archeometriai Műhely 6(2), pp. 61-62 |
article | URL | |
BibTeX:
@article{Kasztovszky2009,
author = {Kasztovszky, Zsolt},
title = {Beszámoló a 'TECHNART 2009 - Non-destructive and Microanalytical Techniques in Art and Cultural Heritage' konferenciáról},
journal = {Archeometriai Műhely},
year = {2009},
volume = {6},
number = {2},
pages = {61-62},
url = {http://www.ace.hu/am/2009_2/AM-09-02-kozl.pdf}
}
|
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Kasztovszky
|
Az Európai Unió CHARISMA projektje [BibTeX] |
2009 | Archeometriai Műhely 6(3), pp. 73-74 |
article | URL | |
BibTeX:
@article{Kasztovszky2009_3,
author = {Kasztovszky, Zsolt},
title = {Az Európai Unió CHARISMA projektje},
journal = {Archeometriai Műhely},
year = {2009},
volume = {6},
number = {3},
pages = {73-74},
url = {http://www.ace.hu/am/2009_3/AM-09-03-kozl.pdf}
}
|
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Kasztovszky
|
Radiogén izotópos mérések tanfolyam Tübingenben [BibTeX] |
2005 | Archeometriai Műhely 2(1), pp. 53 |
article | URL | |
BibTeX:
@article{Kasztovszky2005,
author = {Kasztovszky, Zsolt},
title = {Radiogén izotópos mérések tanfolyam Tübingenben},
journal = {Archeometriai Műhely},
year = {2005},
volume = {2},
number = {1},
pages = {53},
url = {http://www.ace.hu/am/2005_2/AM-2005-2-kozl.pdf}
}
|
||||||
Kasztovszky and Belgya
|
Non-Destructive Investigations of Cultural Heritage Objects with Guided Neutrons: The Ancient Charm Collaboration | 2006 | Archeometriai Műhely 3(1), pp. 12-17 |
article | URL | |
| Abstract: When investigating valuable artistic objects, the first and foremost requirement is to preserve the integrity of the objects. Various kinds of physical processes can provide information about the material of the objects, without destroying them. Neutrons, elemental particles having zero electric charge can enter deep into the irradiated material, and they can undergo different nuclear interactions. Both the neutron capture-based methods (i. e. Neutron Tomography ? NT, Neutron Activation Analysis ? NAA, Prompt Gamma Activation Analysis ? PGAA and Neutron Resonance Capture Analysis ? NRCA) and the neutron scattering-based methods (i. e. Time of Flight Neutron Diffraction ? TOF-ND and Small Angle Neutron Scattering ? SANS) have been previously applied to archaeometric research. A new European Commission funded project with ten collaborators, called Ancient Charm, has been launched with the aim of combining the aforementioned methods to achieve 3-D imaging and elemental mapping of museum objects with complex structures. | ||||||
BibTeX:
@article{KasztovszkyBelgya2006a,
author = {Kasztovszky, Zsolt and Belgya, Tamás},
title = {Non-Destructive Investigations of Cultural Heritage Objects with Guided Neutrons: The Ancient Charm Collaboration},
journal = {Archeometriai Műhely},
year = {2006},
volume = {3},
number = {1},
pages = {12-17},
url = {http://www.ace.hu/am/2006_1/AM-2006-1-KZS.pdf}
}
|
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Kasztovszky and Kunicki-Goldfinger
|
Újabb eredmények az üvegek archeometriai vizsgálatában prompt gamma aktivációs analízis segítségével / Applicability of Prompt Gamma Activation analysis to glass archaeometry | 2008 | Archeometriai Műhely 5(3), pp. 51-58 |
article | URL | |
| Abstract: Chemical (elemental and isotopic) analysis is a basic tool in provenance as well as conservation studies of historical glass. Besides the widely applied Electrone Probe Microanalysis (EPMA), X-ray Flourescence Analysis (XRF) and Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS), less known Prompt Gamma Activation Analysis (PGAA) is a powerfool method to investigate whole glass objects or fragments. In 2004, we initiated a research project to investigate elemental composition of historical glass objects, unearthed in Poland with PGAA and EPMA. PGAA was applied for quantification of major components, as well as of some minor elements of glass. The non-destructive feature of PGAA, as well as its very low (0.3 ?g/g) detection limit for boron is highly capitalized on, as we discussed in Kasztovszky et al. (2005a). Boron concentration can provide important technological information in glass archaeometry. However, it is very difficult to analyze it by the use of traditional non-destructive methods. In this respect, PGAA seems to be a complementary tool for other analytical methods already well known and used in glass archaeometry. |
||||||
BibTeX:
@article{KasztovszkyKunicki2008,
author = {Kasztovszky, Zsolt and Kunicki-Goldfinger, Jerzy},
title = {Újabb eredmények az üvegek archeometriai vizsgálatában prompt gamma aktivációs analízis segítségével / Applicability of Prompt Gamma Activation analysis to glass archaeometry},
journal = {Archeometriai Műhely},
year = {2008},
volume = {5},
number = {3},
pages = {51-58},
url = {http://www.ace.hu/am/2008_3/AM-08-03-KZS.pdf}
}
|
||||||
Kasztovszky et al.
|
Történelmi üvegek roncsolásmentes vizsgálata prompt gamma aktivációs analízissel és elektron-mikroszondával / Provenance studies of glassware by PGAA and electron microprobe | 2005 | Archeometriai Műhely 2(1), pp. 48-56 |
article | URL | |
| Abstract: Provenance studies of glassware mean a challenge for historians. Typological features of the vessels are frequently not sufficient for characterisation of certain glasshouses. The knowledge of chemical composition may provide a substantial complementary data. Many different analytical methods have been used in glass archaeometry; however, most of them require sampling of the historical object. Two analytical methods have been applied for the examination of the historic glass. Electron Probe Micro Analysis (EPMA) is already well known in the field of archaeometry; however it can not be regarded non-destructive at all. The less known Prompt Gamma Activation Analysis (PGAA) represents a new nuclear method for bulk analysis, without the risk of samples’ destruction. In this study we have investigated 23 historical glass pieces mainly from the postmedieval periods. The aim of this study was to investigate the applicability of PGAA on historical glass objects. With PGAA we were able to determine all the major components (SiO2, Al2O3, Na2O, K2O, CaO TiO2, Fe2O3, BaO and PbO) and some trace elements, based on which we were able to draw some conclusions regarding the provenance of the objects. The obtained results are in good agreement with EPMA results. Chemical analysis of Baroque glass is essential in glass archaeometry, as such glass may contain substantial amount of boron – the element that is very hard to analyse by the use of non-destructive methods. Other important elements, such as Sb, Sr, Rb, Y, Zr and Zn are usually below the detection limits of PGAA. |
||||||
BibTeX:
@article{KasztovszkyETAL2005,
author = {Kasztovszky, Zsolt and Jerzy J. Kunicki-Goldfinger and Piotr Dzier?anowski and Gra?yna Nawrolska and Piotr Wawrzyniak},
title = {Történelmi üvegek roncsolásmentes vizsgálata prompt gamma aktivációs analízissel és elektron-mikroszondával / Provenance studies of glassware by PGAA and electron microprobe},
journal = {Archeometriai Műhely},
year = {2005},
volume = {2},
number = {1},
pages = {48-56},
url = {http://www.ace.hu/am/2005_1/AM-2005-1-KZs.pdf}
}
|
||||||
Kasztovszky and Mesterházy
|
Beszámoló a Nemzetközi Atomenergia Ügynökség ?Characterisation of Cultural Heritage Objects by Using Nuclear Application Techniques? c. továbbképzéséről Ankarából / Report on the advanced traing of IAEA on the protection of CH objects [BibTeX] |
2011 | Archeometriai Műhely 8(1), pp. 99-100 |
article | URL | |
BibTeX:
@article{Kasztovszky2011_1,
author = {Kasztovszky, Zsolt and Mesterházy, Dávid},
title = {Beszámoló a Nemzetközi Atomenergia Ügynökség ?Characterisation of Cultural Heritage Objects by Using Nuclear Application Techniques? c. továbbképzéséről Ankarából / Report on the advanced traing of IAEA on the protection of CH objects},
journal = {Archeometriai Műhely},
year = {2011},
volume = {8},
number = {1},
pages = {99-100},
url = {http://www.ace.hu/am/2011_1/AM-11-01-kozl.pdf}
}
|
||||||
Kasztovszky et al.
|
Neolitikus rézgyöngyök vizsgálata Polgár-Csőszhalom lelőhelyről ? előzetes eredmények / Scientific investigation of Neolithic copper beads from Polgár-Csőszhalom ? Preliminary results | 2010 | Archeometriai Műhely 7(2), pp. 137-140 |
article | URL | |
| Abstract: This short communication summarizes the preliminary results of mineralogical (XRD, ND) and chemical (PGAA) investigations of one of the earliest metal finds of Hungary. Archaeological excavation of Polgár- Csőszhalom site of the Neolithic Csőszhalom Culture (B.C. 5000-4400) provided a unique copper bead necklace. Its present condition requires efficient intervention for conservation purposes. Our scientific analysis provided basic information about the state of the finds to establish the appropriate strategy for their restoration and storage. According to our results, the beads are highly altered (there is no metallic copper present in their cores). The predominant corrosion product is paratacamite, but also atacamite, cuprite and reactive agents are present in the finds. |
||||||
BibTeX:
@article{KasztovszkyETAL2010_2,
author = {Kasztovszky, Zsolt and Szilágyi, Veronika and Sajó, István},
title = {Neolitikus rézgyöngyök vizsgálata Polgár-Csőszhalom lelőhelyről ? előzetes eredmények / Scientific investigation of Neolithic copper beads from Polgár-Csőszhalom ? Preliminary results},
journal = {Archeometriai Műhely},
year = {2010},
volume = {7},
number = {2},
pages = {137-140},
url = {http://www.ace.hu/am/2010_2/AM-10-02-KZS.pdf}
}
|
||||||
Kasztovszky et al.
|
Horvát és bosnyák régészeti lelőhelyekről származó obszidián eszközök eredetvizsgálata PGAA-val / Provenance study of Croatian and Bosnian archaeological obsidian artefacts by PGAA | 2009 | Archeometriai Műhely 6(3), pp. 5-14 |
article | URL | |
| Abstract: In 2008-2009 we started to work on archaeological obsidians from Croatia and Bosnia-Herzegovina within the frame of a Croatian-Hungarian project. The main objective of our work was to perform a provenance study of these obsidian artefacts. The chemical compositions of the systematically collected samples have been determined non-destructively with Prompt Gamma Activation Analysis. Obsidian is among the important raw materials of prehistoric tool production in the Carpathian Basin, and a popular subject of archaeometric studies. According to previous studies, three main groups could be separated. The main categories are the transparent-translucent Carpathian 1 (C1 ? Slovakian) type, the non-transparent Carpathian 2 (C2 ? Hungarian) and the Carpathian 3 (C3) type from Ukraine. In order to determine the origin of obsidian raw materials, we have analysed Carpathian (C1 and C2) and Mediterranean (Melos, Lipari, Sardinia) geological samples as well as archaeological pieces from Hungary and Romania. Our PGAA database on obsidian is continuously expanding with the new analytical results. In our earlier studies, we concluded that PGAA is suitable for differentiating between various Carpathian and the Mediterranean obsidians. Adding Croatian and Bosnian archaeological obsidian data to our library, we found that some of them can be best identified as C1 (Slovakian) and some are chemically similar to the Lipari obsidians. |
||||||
BibTeX:
@article{KasztovszkyETAL2009_3,
author = {Kasztovszky, Zs. and Szilágyi, V. and T. Biró, K. and Teľak-Gregl, T. and Burić, M. and ©oąić, R. and Szakmány, Gy.},
title = {Horvát és bosnyák régészeti lelőhelyekről származó obszidián eszközök eredetvizsgálata PGAA-val / Provenance study of Croatian and Bosnian archaeological obsidian artefacts by PGAA},
journal = {Archeometriai Műhely},
year = {2009},
volume = {6},
number = {3},
pages = {5-14},
url = {http://www.ace.hu/am/2009_3/AM-09-03-KZs.pdf}
}
|
||||||
Kasztovszky and T. Biró
|
A kárpáti obszidiánok osztályozása prompt gamma aktivációs analízis segítségével: geológiai és régészeti mintákra vonatkozó első eredmények | 2004 | Archeometriai Műhely 1(1), pp. 09-15 |
article | URL | |
| Abstract: Obsidian is one of the classical subjects of archaeometrical analyses. Most analytical methods however will require destruction or preparation of the sample equal to destruction. Therefore most of the choice pieces are not to be analysed by these methods. PGAA is suitable for analysing the pieces without destruction and without any residual radioactivity. The pieces were placed into the analytical equipment without any special preparation, intact and naturally, without any destruction or sampling. 2×2 cm2 of the sample surface was irradiated by a cold neutron beam of 5×107 cm-2s-1 flux. Since neutrons penetrate the whole sample, the information we get reflects the bulk composition of the material, which is very advantageous for the glassy, homogeneous volcanic glass (obsidian). The question is how distinctly we can separate different source regions according to the detected components, and how effectively we can allocate the archaeological pieces into the resulting data sets. Our results of two measurement series seem promising, however we are working on extending our database of PGAA measurements concerning archaeological, as well as geological obsidian samples. Geological samples from all the important known obsidian sources of the Mediterranean region were measured with special regard to Central European (Carpathian I, II) sources, as well as archaeological sources mainly from Hungary. Elements detected in obsidian include main components (H, Na, Al, Si, K, Ca, Ti, Mn and Fe) accessory- and trace elements (B, S, Cl, Cr, Sm and Gd). The distinction of the sources was made using series of bivariate plots and Principal Component Analysis. PGAA proved to be effective in separating Carpathian I, IIE, IIT groups the in accordance with NAA and supported by other analytical techniques (EDS-XRF, PIGE-PIXE) as well. |
||||||
BibTeX:
@article{KasztovszkyBiro2004,
author = {Kasztovszky, Zsolt and T. Biró, Katalin},
title = {A kárpáti obszidiánok osztályozása prompt gamma aktivációs analízis segítségével: geológiai és régészeti mintákra vonatkozó első eredmények},
journal = {Archeometriai Műhely},
year = {2004},
volume = {1},
number = {1},
pages = {09-15},
url = {http://www.ace.hu/am/2004_1/AM-2004-KZS.pdf}
}
|
||||||
Kasztovszky et al.
|
Pattintott kőeszközök nyersanyagainak roncsolásmentes vizsgálata Prompt Gamma Aktivációs Analízissel / Non-destructive analysis of chipped stone artefacts by PGAA | 2009 | Archeometriai Műhely 6(1), pp. 31-38 |
article | URL | |
| Abstract: Since 2001, several archaeometrical projects were started on the prehistoric collection of the Hungarian National Museum. The aims of the investigations were to distinguish between macroscopically similar or inadequately identified types of rocks. Further aim is to associate the archaeological finds with potential raw material sources. Among the analytical methods applied, non-destructive Prompt-gamma Activation Analysis has a special importance. Based on major and trace elements, characterisation of stone tools and their raw materials were performed. Until now, more than 300 pieces of various materials (i.e. flint, radiolarite, Szeletian felsitic porphyry, obsidian, etc.) from the Carpathian Basin and from the surrounding areas (Romania, Croatia, Ukraine, Poland and the Mediterranean region) have been analysed, including both archaeological and geological pieces. The characterisation of obsidian and Szeletian felsitic porphyry objects by PGAA is seemingly effective while the identification of the high silica content siliceous rocks, however, is much more difficult. |
||||||
BibTeX:
@article{KasztovszkyETAL2009,
author = {Kasztovszky, Zsolt and T. Biró, Katalin and Markó, András and T. Dobosi, Viola},
title = {Pattintott kőeszközök nyersanyagainak roncsolásmentes vizsgálata Prompt Gamma Aktivációs Analízissel / Non-destructive analysis of chipped stone artefacts by PGAA},
journal = {Archeometriai Műhely},
year = {2009},
volume = {6},
number = {1},
pages = {31-38},
url = {http://www.ace.hu/am/2009_1/AM-09-01-KZS.PDF}
}
|
||||||
Kasztovszky
|
From PGAA to PGAI: from bulk analysis to elemental mapping (PGAA-tól PGAI-ig: a tömb összetételtől az elemi térképezésig) | 2006 | Archeometriai Műhely 3(2), pp. 16-21 |
article | URL | |
| Abstract: In 2006, a new European Commission funded project with ten collaborators, called Ancient Charm, was launched with the aim of combining the above mentioned neutron based methods to achieve 3-D imaging and elemental mapping of museum objects with complex structures. The first experiments to develop bulk elemental PGAA towards elemental mapping and imaging of complex objects (i. e. to work out PGAI) will be attempted at the Institute of Isotopes, on the 5?107 n/cm2?s1 cold neutron beam of the Budapest Research Reactor. Representative archaeological objects for investigations have been chosen from the collections of the Hungarian National Museum, Villa Adriana near Rome, and the National Museum for Antiquities of Leiden. |
||||||
BibTeX:
@article{KasztovszkyBelgya2006b,
author = {Kasztovszky, Zsolt & Belgya, Tamás},
title = {From PGAA to PGAI: from bulk analysis to elemental mapping (PGAA-tól PGAI-ig: a tömb összetételtől az elemi térképezésig)},
journal = {Archeometriai Műhely},
year = {2006},
volume = {3},
number = {2},
pages = {16-21},
url = {http://www.ace.hu/am/2006_2/AM-2006-2-KZS.pdf}
}
|
||||||
Kibaroglu
|
Sedimentary Geochemical Approach to the Provenance of the non-calciferous North Mesopotamian Metallic Ware / Észak-mezopotámiai kerámiák üledék-geokémiai szemléletű proveniencia vizsgálata | 2005 | Archeometriai Műhely 2(2), pp. 42-45 |
article | URL | |
| Abstract: A korabronzkori észak-mezopotámiai fémedényhatású kerámia jelentős területeken terjedt el Szíria északkeleti és Anatólia délkeleti részén. Ez a fajta kerámia jelentős változatosságot mutat forma és szín tekintetében. A cikk a jellegzetes kerámia petrográfiai és geokémiai vizsgálatával foglalkozik. A geokémiai jellemzők szerint ehhez a kerámiához speciális kalcitszegény agyagot használtak a délkelet-anatóliai Derik-Telbesim formációból, amely prekambriumi korú muszkovit-palából, fillitből, agyagos üledékekből és alárendelten homokkőből áll. |
||||||
BibTeX:
@article{Kibaroglu2005,
author = {Kibaroglu, Mustafa},
title = {Sedimentary Geochemical Approach to the Provenance of the non-calciferous North Mesopotamian Metallic Ware / Észak-mezopotámiai kerámiák üledék-geokémiai szemléletű proveniencia vizsgálata},
journal = {Archeometriai Műhely},
year = {2005},
volume = {2},
number = {2},
pages = {42-45},
url = {http://www.ace.hu/am/2005_2/AM-2005-2-MK.pdf}
}
|
||||||
Kirfel
|
Construction and description of the UNIBONN "Black Boxes" | 2008 | Archeometriai Műhely 5(1), pp. 21-34 |
article | URL | |
| Abstract: In the framework of the Ancient Charm Project (Analysis by Neutron resonant Capture Imaging and other Emerging Neutron Techniques: new Cultural Heritage and Archaeological Research Methods, http://ancientcharm. neutron-eu.net/ach), imaging potentials of non-destructive neutron analytical methods are evaluated for archaeological applications. Prior to working on real archaeological specimens, so-called 'black boxes' were constructed (and characterised) for tests of the various methods. This paper is about the construction of these test boxes as realised by the Bonn University team. |
||||||
BibTeX:
@article{Kirfel2008,
author = {Kirfel, Armin},
title = {Construction and description of the UNIBONN "Black Boxes"},
journal = {Archeometriai Műhely},
year = {2008},
volume = {5},
number = {1},
pages = {21-34},
url = {http://www.ace.hu/am/2008_1/AM-08-01-AK.pdf}
}
|
||||||
Kis et al.
|
Prompt Gamma Activation Imaging on "Black Boxes" in the "Ancient Charm" Project | 2008 | Archeometriai Műhely 5(1), pp. 41-60 |
article | URL | |
| Abstract: The aim of the ?Ancient Charm? project is to combine Neutron Tomography (NT), Prompt Gamma Activation Analysis (PGAA), Time-of-flight Neutron Diffraction (TOF-ND), Neutron Resonance Capture Analysis (NRCA) and Neutron Resonance Transmission (NRT) in order to generate 3D images of the elemental and phase compositions of complex museum objects. For the development and benchmark of the combined methods, complex test samples, so called ?black boxes?, were constructed and then analysed by the different techniques. These test objects are sealed iron or aluminium-walled cubes of 40 and 50 mm edge lengths, respectively, containing 2D or 3D arrangements of materials relevant to the compositions of archaeological samples. The Prompt Gamma Activation Imaging (PGAI) is a new terminology ? introduced in the AC project ? for determining the compositions of small volumes within the sample by scanning. The experimental results obtained from PGAI on boxes investigated at Budapest Neutron Centre (BNC, Hungary) are reported. |
||||||
BibTeX:
@article{KisETAL2008,
author = {Kis, Z. and Belgya, T. and Szentmiklósi, L. and Kasztovszky, Zs. and Kudejova, P. and Schulze, R.},
title = {Prompt Gamma Activation Imaging on "Black Boxes" in the "Ancient Charm" Project},
journal = {Archeometriai Műhely},
year = {2008},
volume = {5},
number = {1},
pages = {41-60},
url = {http://www.ace.hu/am/2008_1/AM-08-01-KZ.pdf}
}
|
||||||
Kis et al.
|
Radiográfia által irányított Prompt-Gamma Aktivációs Analízis és Neutron Diffrakciós mérések az Ancient Charm projekt számára tervezett Fekete Dobozokon / Radiography driven PGAA and neutron diffraction measurements on black boxes | 2008 | Archeometriai Műhely 5(3), pp. 59-64 |
article | URL | |
| Abstract: The aim of the ?Ancient Charm? project is to combine Neutron Tomography (NT), Prompt Gamma Activation Analysis (PGAA), Time-of-flight Neutron Diffraction (TOF-ND), Neutron Resonance Capture Analysis (NRCA) and Neutron Resonance Transmission (NRT) in order to generate 3D images of the elemental and phase compositions of complex museum objects. For the development and benchmark of the combined methods, complex test samples, so called ?black boxes?, were constructed and then analysed by the different techniques. These test objects are sealed cubes, containing 2D or 3D arrangements of materials relevant to the compositions of archaeological samples. The Prompt Gamma Activation Imaging (PGAI) is a new terminology ? introduced in the AC project ? for determining the compositions of small volumes within the sample by scanning. The presented experimental results are obtained from PGAI and TOF-ND investigations. |
||||||
BibTeX:
@article{KisETAL2008b,
author = {Kis, Z. and Szentmiklósi, L. and Belgya, T. and Kasztovszky, Zs. and Kockelmann, W. and Festa, G. and Kirfel, A. and Kudejova, P. and Schulze, R. and T. Biró, K. and Dúzs, K. and Hajnal, Zs. and Visser, D.},
title = {Radiográfia által irányított Prompt-Gamma Aktivációs Analízis és Neutron Diffrakciós mérések az Ancient Charm projekt számára tervezett Fekete Dobozokon / Radiography driven PGAA and neutron diffraction measurements on black boxes},
journal = {Archeometriai Műhely},
year = {2008},
volume = {5},
number = {3},
pages = {59-64},
url = {http://www.ace.hu/am/2008_3/AM-08-03-KZ.pdf}
}
|
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Kisné Cseh
|
Tata-Porhanyóbánya, Vértes László ásatásai / The excavations of László Vértes at Tata - Porhanyó | 2008 | Archeometriai Műhely 5(2), pp. 31-36 |
article | URL | |
| Abstract: This paper gives a short summary on the excavations of László Vértes at Tata-Porhanyóbánya and its history. Two large excavations performed here (by Tivadar Kormos in 1909-1911 and by László Vértes in 1958-59) resulted in two monographs much ahead of their age with international recognition (Kormos 1912; Vértes et al. 1964). The site was the first travertine settlement located in Hungary and the richest one ever since (in respect of archaeological finds, palaeobotanical evidence, etc.). The collaboration of the palaeobotanist István Skoflek, who re-discovered the site excavated by Kormos and László Vértes resulted in a complex monograph with all available scientific evidence of the age receiving an award of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences. The recent excavations of the site took place between 1995-2001 by Viola T. Dobosi and Julianna Kisné Cseh. Tata-Porhanyóbánya is still our richest site, the number of inventoried items is 25590 pieces (Table 1). The conclusions drawn by László Vértes were partly corroborated, partly completed and corrected by recent studies. The results of the new-old research group will be hopefully published in the near future. |
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BibTeX:
@article{Cseh2008,
author = {Kisné Cseh, Julianna},
title = {Tata-Porhanyóbánya, Vértes László ásatásai / The excavations of László Vértes at Tata - Porhanyó},
journal = {Archeometriai Műhely},
year = {2008},
volume = {5},
number = {2},
pages = {31-36},
url = {http://www.ace.hu/am/2008_2/AM-08-02-CSJ.pdf}
}
|
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Kissné Bendeffy
|
Az EPISCON (European Phd In Science for CONservation) program / The EPISCON project | 2007 | Archeometriai Műhely 4(3), pp. 47-48 |
article | URL | |
| Abstract: The conservation and preservation of cultural heritage is an interdisciplinary field requiring close co-operation between conservator-restorers, archaeologists, art historians, museum curators and conservation scientists. Surveys carried out in the 1990s showed that the university training of scientists doesn?t provide them with the appropriate knowledge for the complex approach necessary for study and investigate cultural heritage, develop and evaluate conservation concepts, materials, methods, etc. In order to develop the first generation of 'true' conservation scientists in Europe, the European Community funded two projects (Leonardo programme, CURRIC project, Vocational Training Curricula for Conservation Scientists 2000- 2003; and Marie Curie programme, project EPISCON - European Ph.D. in Science for Conservation 2006-2009). Preparing a training structure and guideline the CURRIC project provided a solid base for the EPISCON. In the frame of the program 16 young scientists has got the possibility to take part in the PhD training in ten EPISCON partners? host institutions within the European Community. The program included intensive five months training at the University of Bologna-Ravenna Campus in all aspects of the conservation of cultural heritage, followed by a two and a half year research project at one of the host institutions. The Hungarian scientist in charge of the project is the author, Márta Kissné Bendefy. Two young fellows are hosted by Hungarian Institutions. Anna Ruggeri (Italy) works at the Archaeological Department of the Hungarian National Museum (supervisor: Katalin T. Biró) while Magdalini Theodoridou (Greece) carries out her studies and research at the Dept. of Petrology and Geochemistry ELTE University (supervisor Dr. György Szakmány). Preliminary results of their work are published in this volume. Further information can be obtained from the project web pages, see end of paper. A kulturális örökség megőrzése számos szakmát átfogó |
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BibTeX:
@article{Bendeffy2007,
author = {Kissné Bendeffy, Márta},
title = {Az EPISCON (European Phd In Science for CONservation) program / The EPISCON project},
journal = {Archeometriai Műhely},
year = {2007},
volume = {4},
number = {3},
pages = {47-48},
url = {http://www.ace.hu/am/2007_3/AM-07-03-BM.pdf}
}
|
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Kockelmann
|
Neutron Diffraction Imaging of Cultural Heritage Objects (A kulturális örökség körébe tartozó tárgyak neutrondiffrakciós vizsgálata) | 2006 | Archeometriai Műhely 3(2), pp. 01-15 |
article | URL | |
| Abstract: The capabilities of neutron diffraction for studying archaeological ceramics and metals have been demonstrated on many occasions. The main advantages of thermal neutrons are deep penetration and non-destructive analysis of intact objects. Neutron diffraction provides information on structural properties which are often related to the past material treatments and historical fabrication techniques. Most neutron diffraction analyses are normally performed on one or several points of an object with a large neutron beam, hence without much spatial resolution. In this paper we review the existing options and future perspectives of the systematic mapping of phases and microstructures with a neutron beam. |
||||||
BibTeX:
@article{KockelmannKirfel2006,
author = {Kockelmann, Winfried & Kirfel, Armin},
title = {Neutron Diffraction Imaging of Cultural Heritage Objects (A kulturális örökség körébe tartozó tárgyak neutrondiffrakciós vizsgálata)},
journal = {Archeometriai Műhely},
year = {2006},
volume = {3},
number = {2},
pages = {01-15},
url = {http://www.ace.hu/am/2006_2/AM-2006-2-WK.pdf}
}
|
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Kostov
|
Review of the mineralogical systematics of jasper and related rocks / A jáspis és a vele rokon kovakőzetek ásványtani osztályozása | 2010 | Archeometriai Műhely 7(3), pp. 215-226 |
article | URL | |
| Abstract: A review of the genetic classifications of jasper based on mineralogical data outlines three main types of jasper and related rocks: 1 ? jaspers; 2 ? jasperoids; 3 ? jasper-like rocks. True jasper has a quartz composition and is of metamorphic or metasomatic origin. Related in different colour and density to jasper other rocks of sedimentary or igneous origin can be found usually having a dominantly chalcedony-quartz and feldspar-quartz composition (jasperoids and jasper-like rocks). Main mineral impurities which cause the colour of the described rocks are listed. |
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BibTeX:
@article{Kostov2010_3,
author = {Kostov, Ruslan I.},
title = {Review of the mineralogical systematics of jasper and related rocks / A jáspis és a vele rokon kovakőzetek ásványtani osztályozása},
journal = {Archeometriai Műhely},
year = {2010},
volume = {7},
number = {3},
pages = {215-226},
url = {http://www.ace.hu/am/2010_3/AM-10-03-RK.pdf}
}
|
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Kovács
|
Paticsok - a kerámia és az üledék között / Daub between pottery and sediment | 2005 | Archeometriai Műhely 2(2), pp. 24-30 |
article | URL | |
| Abstract: This study deals with the archaeometrical investigation of Neolithic daub fragments collected from two archaeological sites (Vörs-Máriaasszony-sziget, Somogy county and Kup-Egyes, Veszprém county) between 1999 and 2003. Daub is the term used for different parts of a wattle-walled house (wall, floor, kiln). It can be preserved by occasional or intentional burning of the building. It is a common and frequent component of most archaeological sites, however, it has not been studied in details in Hungary yet. I have examined altogether 500 pieces from the two sites. After macroscopical description I assorted them and chose 40 representative specimens for detailed analysis. The analytical program was based on macroscopic and thin section petrography, accompanied by X-ray powder diffraction. Besides, soil samples, collected from both sites during the excavations, were examined by binocular microscope and analysed by X-ray powder diffraction. The mineralogical composition of the daub samples is quite monotonous and quite similar in the two sites. The dominant nonplastic component is quartz. In addition to quartz smaller quantities of micas, feldspars and fragments of metamorphic and sedimentary rocks are present. For this reason the classification of daub samples was based on textural characteristics and the composition of the matrix. Considering these parameters it is usually possible to identify the former position of the daub fragments in the house. In some cases the matrix is inhomogeneous even in one piece, which shows that different raw materials were used. This phenomenon is more typical at Kup-Egyes site. According to X-ray powder diffraction analysis there are no clay minerals in the matrix of the daubs, which suggests that not the clay minerals but the clay size fraction is required to gain the proper stability of the wall. To increase the plasticity of the raw materials organic substance was used. Comparing the daub samples of the two sites I could not find significant differences between the building technology of the different cultures. |
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BibTeX:
@article{Kovacs2005,
author = {Kovács, Timea},
title = {Paticsok - a kerámia és az üledék között / Daub between pottery and sediment},
journal = {Archeometriai Műhely},
year = {2005},
volume = {2},
number = {2},
pages = {24-30},
url = {http://www.ace.hu/am/2005_2/AM-2005-2-KT.pdf}
}
|
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Kreiter et al.
|
Archaeometric examination of Early and Middle Bronze Age ceramics from Százhalombatta-Földvár, Hungary / Archeometriai vizsgálatok kora- és középső bronzkori kerámián, Százhalombatta-Földvárról | 2007 | Archeometriai Műhely 4(2), pp. 33-48 |
article | URL | |
| Abstract: This paper examines the technological aspects of Early and Middle Bronze Age ceramics from a tell settlement at Százhalombatta (Hungary) by using polarising and cathodoluminescence microscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF) analyses. Towards the end of the Middle Bronze Age, during the Koszider period, ceramic production became more elaborate; and highly distinctive vessels appeared in terms of their decoration, surface treatment and firing conditions. For this analysis eight sherds belonging to fine and coarse wares were selected. In order to assess how potters may have altered their raw materials potential clay samples around the tell settlement were also examined by the same techniques. Results suggest that potters used locally available clays and even the most distinct vessels in terms of decoration (Rákospalota type wares) seem to be locally made. In spite of the similarities in clay compositions, however, there is a clear distinction between how potters manipulated their clay and temper even within a similar vessel type. This practice resulted in the existence of intrasite technological traditions. |
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BibTeX:
@article{KreiterETAL2007,
author = {Kreiter, A. and Bajnóczi B. and Sipos, P. and Szakmány, Gy. and Tóth, M.},
title = {Archaeometric examination of Early and Middle Bronze Age ceramics from Százhalombatta-Földvár, Hungary / Archeometriai vizsgálatok kora- és középső bronzkori kerámián, Százhalombatta-Földvárról},
journal = {Archeometriai Műhely},
year = {2007},
volume = {4},
number = {2},
pages = {33-48},
url = {http://www.ace.hu/am/2007_2/AM-2007-02-KA.pdf}
}
|
||||||
Kreiter and Szakmány
|
Előzetes tanulmány Szemely-Hegyes és Zengővárkony késő neolitikus (Lengyel kultúra) településekről származó kerámiák petrográfiai vizsgálatáról / Preliminary study on the petrographical analysis of Late Neolithic pottery | 2008 | Archeometriai Műhely 5(2), pp. 55-68 |
article | URL | |
| Abstract: The aim of the paper is to provide the results of a preliminary ceramic technological investigation of the Lengyel culture from Szemely-Hegyes and Zengővárkony (Hungary). By the means of macroscopic and petrographic analysis the technology of different vessel types is compared in order to gain insight into the manufacturing practices of different vessel types. Furthermore, our purpose is also to assess possible ceramic technological similarities and differences between settlements that are situated close to each other. Since vessel painting in the Lengyel culture is a common practice a possible relationship between raw materials/technological practices, vessel types and painting is also assessed. Moreover, while at Szemely-Hegyes a round multi ditch-system was found, the size and complexity of which is larger than at other sites, no such feature was observed at Zengővárkony. For this reason it is possible to assess the ceramic technological differences between the two types of settlements. The most prominent similarity between the ceramic technologies of the two sites is that consumption wares at both sites were made from a very fine, probably levigated raw material. The characteristic difference between samples found at Zengővárkony is that some of the consumption wares were also tempered with coarse rock fragments, while at Szemely such tempering occurs only among the household wares. A further difference between the sites is that at Szemely, grog tempering is common, while at Zengővárkony this practice was not observed. The preliminary results clearly show that consumption wares were made in a very similar manner at both sites (very fine, probably levigated clay, slab building, firing under fully reductive circumstances) despite that at the two sites there may have been differences in the available raw materials. |
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BibTeX:
@article{KreiterSzakmany2008,
author = {Kreiter, Attila and Szakmány, György},
title = {Előzetes tanulmány Szemely-Hegyes és Zengővárkony késő neolitikus (Lengyel kultúra) településekről származó kerámiák petrográfiai vizsgálatáról / Preliminary study on the petrographical analysis of Late Neolithic pottery},
journal = {Archeometriai Műhely},
year = {2008},
volume = {5},
number = {2},
pages = {55-68},
url = {http://www.ace.hu/am/2008_2/AM-08-02-KA.pdf}
}
|
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Kreiter and Szakmány
|
Előzetes tanulmány Belvárdgyula-Szarkahegy (M60-as gyorsforgalmi út 98. sz. lel?hely) kés? neolitikus (Lengyel kultúra) településr?l származó kerámiák petrográfiai vizsgálatáról / Preliminary study - Late Neolithic Pottery from Belvárdgyula-Szarkahegy | 2008 | Archeometriai Műhely 5(3), pp. 65-74 |
article | URL | |
| Abstract: Lengyel culture from Belvárdgyula-Szarkahegy, Hungary. By the means of macroscopic and petrographic analysis the technology of different vessel types is compared in order to assess possible similairities and differences in their manufacturing. The results of the analysis are compared with the results of other Lengyel culture settelments from Szemely-Hegyes and Zengővárkony that are situated within the same geographical area. At Belvárdgyula a relationship between vessel types and technological practices was observed in that consumption vessels have very fine fabrics and household wares usually have a much coarser fabrics. In assessing the fabric groups it seems that the raw materials of the different vessel types are very similar although potters treated them differently, for example through levigation and different types of tempering. There also seems to be a relationship between painting and vessel types in that only consumption wares are painted and coarse wares are not. The most common temper is clay pellet or argillaceous rock fragments that are characteristic for both consumption and household wares. The implication of the results from Belvárdgyula becomes more clear when the technological practices are compared between the sites. In the three sites many similarities can be recognized in technological practices. The most striking similarity is that the consumption wares not only look similar typologically but the technology of most of the examined vessels seems identical (very fine, probably levigated clay, slab building, firing under fully reduced circumstances). A fundamental difference between the sites is that at Zengővárkony coarse tempering appears among the consumption wares while this type of tempering among consumption wares is not present at Szemely, and at Belvárdgyula coarse tempering is also characteristic for household wares. A further difference between the sites is that at Szemely the use of grog for tempering is common, but this practice was not observed at Zengővárkony and Belvárdgyula. In the latter site, instead clay pellets and/or argillacecous rock fragments seem to be the main temper. Another interesting feature of the technological comparison is that organic tempering was present at Szemely but could not be observed at Zengővárkony and Belvárdgyula. The results clearly show that within consumption wares not only was it important that they should look similar, but it was also required to make them in a similar manner. Alongside the technological similarities the observed differences also show that within similar vessel types, mainly within household wares, potters used different recipes. |
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BibTeX:
@article{KreiterSzakmany2008b,
author = {Kreiter, Attila and Szakmány, György},
title = {Előzetes tanulmány Belvárdgyula-Szarkahegy (M60-as gyorsforgalmi út 98. sz. lel?hely) kés? neolitikus (Lengyel kultúra) településr?l származó kerámiák petrográfiai vizsgálatáról / Preliminary study - Late Neolithic Pottery from Belvárdgyula-Szarkahegy},
journal = {Archeometriai Műhely},
year = {2008},
volume = {5},
number = {3},
pages = {65-74},
url = {http://www.ace.hu/am/2008_3/AM-08-03-KA.pdf}
}
|
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Kudejova
|
Neutron and X-Ray imaging of the "Black Boxes" for the Ancient Charm project | 2008 | Archeometriai Műhely 5(1), pp. 35-40 |
article | URL | |
| Abstract: The Ancient Charm project binds together archaeologists and neutron scientists. Their shared goal is a development of new neutron-based imaging techniques for non-destructive investigation of valuable archaeological objects, while the objects are treated with the highest precautions. One of the tasks of the Ancient Charm project was an analysis of test objects ? so called ?Black Boxes? prepared by the archaeologist for the initial development phase of the new neutron-imaging techniques. Since such a development is a challenging task, we decided to use well established imaging methods first: With the help of the neutron resp. X-ray radiography and tomography, we were able to find out and define the shapes and forms of the unknown objects inside of the black boxes. Provided with these pieces of information, the new neutron imaging methods can be positioned to the spots of interest within the black boxes and make the measurements. The overview of the neutron and X-ray radiography and tomography of the black boxes is presented in this article. |
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BibTeX:
@article{Kudejova2008,
author = {Kudejova, Petra},
title = {Neutron and X-Ray imaging of the "Black Boxes" for the Ancient Charm project},
journal = {Archeometriai Műhely},
year = {2008},
volume = {5},
number = {1},
pages = {35-40},
url = {http://www.ace.hu/am/2008_1/AM-08-01-PK.pdf}
}
|
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Lővei
|
Kőanyagvizsgálat, művészettörténet, műemlékvédelem / Monument petrology, monument protection and art history | 2005 | Archeometriai Műhely 2(3), pp. 01-6 |
article | URL | |
| Abstract: The geological research of building materials is an important tool of protection a part of preparing the catalogue "Lapidarium Hungaricum" of architectural fragments in Hungary. The ?red marble? is perhaps the most important material of stone century. Similar ?red marble? occurrences can be found in the surroundings of and the Gerecse mountains in Hungary. The petrographic-geochemical analyses significant differences of samples from Austrian and Hungarian quarries. These the origin of ?red marble? fragments. It would be very useful to publish a book on all kind of stone material used for building 19th century in Hungary. |
||||||
BibTeX:
@article{Lovei2005,
author = {Lővei, Pál},
title = {Kőanyagvizsgálat, művészettörténet, műemlékvédelem / Monument petrology, monument protection and art history},
journal = {Archeometriai Műhely},
year = {2005},
volume = {2},
number = {3},
pages = {01-6},
url = {http://www.ace.hu/am/2005_3/AM-2005-3-LP.pdf}
}
|
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Lakatos et al.
|
Az archeometria lehetőségei és határai az ?Enyedi Iuno? márványszobron végzett vizsgálatok alapján / Potentials and limits of archaeometry based on studies of the ?Juno Enyedi? marble statue | 2009 | Archeometriai Műhely 6(4), pp. 53-64 |
article | URL | |
| Abstract: ?Juno Enyedi? is a marble statue of a seated woman that was entrusted as a loan to the Museum of Fine Arts in Budapest, in 2008. At this time, a thorough restoration of the statue was carried out, and thus it became possible to perform archaeometric analyses. Samples were taken from the body, as well as several of its extensions. In order to determine the provenance of the marble, X-ray diffraction and stable isotope analyses were performed. In addition ? whenever the sample sizes were large enough ? polarizing and cathodoluminescence microscopy analyses on thin sections were carried out. The investigations proved that the ?Juno Enyedi? is composed of at least three kinds of marble. In accordance with the research of H. W. Müller in the 1990?s, the analysis showed conclusively that the body is composed of dolomitic marble from Thasos. Further, new results indicate that the extensions were made from two types of calcitic marbles. Considering the observations made by H. R. Goette, two distinct phases of restoration can be distinguished in the history of the statue. |
||||||
BibTeX:
@article{LakatosETAL2009_4,
author = {Lakatos, Szilvia and Bajnóczi, Bernadett and Tóth, Mária},
title = {Az archeometria lehetőségei és határai az ?Enyedi Iuno? márványszobron végzett vizsgálatok alapján / Potentials and limits of archaeometry based on studies of the ?Juno Enyedi? marble statue},
journal = {Archeometriai Műhely},
year = {2009},
volume = {6},
number = {4},
pages = {53-64},
url = {http://www.ace.hu/am/2009_4/AM-09-04-LSZ.pdf}
}
|
||||||
Len
|
A kisszögű neutronszórás archeometriai alkalmazási lehetőségei / Possible Applications of Neutron Small Angle Scattering in Archaeology | 2006 | Archeometriai Műhely 3(2), pp. 27-31 |
article | URL | |
| Abstract: Small angle neutron scattering (SANS) method is a method for studying nanometer scale structural features in various materials such as porous media, ceramics, metals etc. Due to their very low energy, the thermal neutrons penetrate in most materials without destroying the structure. The obtained information is characteristic to the whole irradiated volume of the sample. The ?Yellow Submarine? SANS spectrometer operating at the research reactor of Budapest Neutron Center is a unique large-scale facility in the Central European region. It covers a scattering vector range from 0,002 ?-1 to 0,5 ?-1 allowing the study of inhomogeneities in materials on a length scale from 100 ? to 2500 ?. SANS technique makes possible the determination of void sizes in porous media such as cements, marbles; observation of anisotropy in the precipitates orientation in minerals or metals, as well as the investigation of particle agglomeration in ceramic bodies and evolution of pores during different types of processing. Characteristic examples are to be shown in order to give an overview of the applicability of SANS method in nanoscale structure investigations. |
||||||
BibTeX:
@article{Len2006,
author = {Len, Adél},
title = {A kisszögű neutronszórás archeometriai alkalmazási lehetőségei / Possible Applications of Neutron Small Angle Scattering in Archaeology},
journal = {Archeometriai Műhely},
year = {2006},
volume = {3},
number = {2},
pages = {27-31},
url = {http://www.ace.hu/am/2006_2/AM-2006-2-LA.pdf}
}
|
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Lipovics et al.
|
Domborzati modell alkalmazása egy Prolissumon végzett régészeti célú mágneses mérés feldolgozásában és értelmezésében / Application of a terrain model in the evaluation and interpretation of a magnetic survey carried out for archeological purposes in Porolissum, Romania / Application of a terrain model in the evaluation and interpretation of a magnetic survey carried out for archeological purposes in Porolissum, Romania | 2009 | Archeometriai Műhely 6(2), pp. 31-42 |
article | URL | |
| Abstract: In this study with the help of a high-resolution magnetic survey carried out for archaeological purposes we show how joint application of magnetic and geodetic data can be used for topographic correction and interpretation of the measured anomaly map. The magnetic survey was carried out over the Roman-age ruins of Porolissum in NW Romania. We surveyed an area of 100 m x 120 m with grid spacing of 0.5 m, and measured the total magnetic field and its vertical gradient. In general, the application of topographic correction is unnecessary in magnetic surveying because the magnetization of the subsoil is negligible. However, the topographic effect can be significant if the near-surface magnetic susceptibility is high. Magnetic topographic correction is defined here as the removal of the disturbing magnetic signals caused by the topography. Besides the subsoil?s enhanced magnetization in the survey area significant topographic variations explain the consideration of the magnetic terrain effect. In the applied procedure the induced magnetic field is estimated using the topography, the strength of the geomagnetic field and the magnetic susceptibility of the subsoil. The unknown remanent magnetization of the subsoil is neglected. We estimated the magnitude of the induced field considering three different susceptibility values (0.0035, 0.01 and 0.02 SI). The calculated magnetic field is subtracted from the measured data. The corrected magnetic gradient map shows streets and foundations of houses like a present day city map. In some places two generations of houses built on top of each other?s foundations can be recognised as the walls with different ages have different orientations. The magnetic maps proved to be very useful in reconstructing the structure of the ancient city. |
||||||
BibTeX:
@article{LipovicsETAL2009,
author = {Lipovics, Tamás and Petrovszki, Judit and Kudó, István and Pánczél, Szilamér and Dobos, Alpár and Vass, Lóránt and Lenkey, László and Bajusz, István},
title = {Domborzati modell alkalmazása egy Prolissumon végzett régészeti célú mágneses mérés feldolgozásában és értelmezésében / Application of a terrain model in the evaluation and interpretation of a magnetic survey carried out for archeological purposes in Porolissum, Romania / Application of a terrain model in the evaluation and interpretation of a magnetic survey carried out for archeological purposes in Porolissum, Romania},
journal = {Archeometriai Műhely},
year = {2009},
volume = {6},
number = {2},
pages = {31-42},
url = {http://www.ace.hu/am/2009_2/AM-09-02-LT.pdf}
}
|
||||||
Láng
|
Fast Archaeology: Applying New Technologies in the Archaeological Research in the Civilian City of Aquincum and in its Territory | 2006 | Archeometriai Műhely 3(1), pp. 51-60 |
article | URL | |
| Abstract: The sharply rising number of building investments on archaeologically protected territories in Budapest represents a particular challenge for archaeologists in the capital. The Budapest Historical Museum can only adapt itself to these demands if we apply new technologies in documentation and survey. Photogrammetry, geophysical survey and laser-scanning, to date mainly have been used to complement traditional documentation, have also been tested in excavation circumstances last year. Examples will be presented concerning the Roman villa-estates, the western and central part of the Aquincum Civil Town and its aquaduct. These types of documentation, sometimes carried out in a few hours, were not only of help to the archaeological research, but also yielded new archaeological information: that shed light on previously unexplained data from old excavations at the Civil Town of Aquincum. | ||||||
BibTeX:
@article{Lang2006,
author = {Láng, Orsolya},
title = {Fast Archaeology: Applying New Technologies in the Archaeological Research in the Civilian City of Aquincum and in its Territory},
journal = {Archeometriai Műhely},
year = {2006},
volume = {3},
number = {1},
pages = {51-60},
url = {http://www.ace.hu/am/2006_1/AM-2006-1-LO.pdf}
}
|
||||||
Mando
|
Ion Beam Analysis and Radiocarbon dating | 2006 | Archeometriai Műhely 3(1), pp. 18-23 |
article | URL | |
| Abstract: The working principles and main characteristics of the two main categories of nuclear techniques for applications to Cultural Heritage problems, i.e. Ion Beam Analysis for compositional characterisation of materials and Accelerator Mass Spectrometry for 14C dating of archaeological finds, are briefly recalled. The new Florence Tandem accelerator laboratory is presented and some applications described, as examples of the great potential of these techniques in the specific field. | ||||||
BibTeX:
@article{Mando2006,
author = {Mando, Pier Andrea},
title = {Ion Beam Analysis and Radiocarbon dating},
journal = {Archeometriai Műhely},
year = {2006},
volume = {3},
number = {1},
pages = {18-23},
url = {http://www.ace.hu/am/2006_1/AM-2006-1-PAM.pdf}
}
|
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Marey Mahmoud
|
Archaeometric and petro-mineralogical remarks on damaged Egyptian wall paintings, El-Qurna necropolis, Upper Egypt / Archeometriai és petroarcheológiai megfigyelések a felső-egyiptomi El-Qurna nekropolisz megrongálódott falfestményein | 2010 | Archeometriai Műhely 7(2), pp. 149-156 |
article | URL | |
| Abstract: The present study aims at characterizing the main deterioration mechanisms affecting some Egyptian wall paintings of Theban tombs (TT277&278), El-Qurna, Upper Egypt. Several weathering products were observed on the painted surfaces representing different degrees of decay. The morphology and microanalysis of the studied samples were performed by scanning electron microscopy equipped with an energy dispersive X-ray analysis system (SEM?EDS). The mineralogical characterization was carried out using X-ray powder diffraction analysis (XRPD), while the petrographic examination on the prepared thin sections was carried out using the polarized light microscope (PLM). The results showed that the limestone types in the area are microsparry calcite embedded in a micrite matrix rich in fossils and grains of quartz. XRPD data showed that the main crystalline phases in the limestone samples are calcite, quartz, anhydrite, halite and clay minerals. The results showed that the damage of the examined wall paintings is mainly attributable to the effect of different salts such as halite (NaCl), gypsum (CaSO4?2H2O), and sylvite (KCl). The blue pigment was identified as Egyptian blue (Cuprorivaite), the red pigment as hematite (red ochre) and the yellow pigment as goethite (yellow ochre). The obtained results will help in drawing a conservation plan for the damaged wall paintings in the area. |
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BibTeX:
@article{HHMM2010_2,
author = {Marey Mahmoud, Hussein Hassan},
title = {Archaeometric and petro-mineralogical remarks on damaged Egyptian wall paintings, El-Qurna necropolis, Upper Egypt / Archeometriai és petroarcheológiai megfigyelések a felső-egyiptomi El-Qurna nekropolisz megrongálódott falfestményein},
journal = {Archeometriai Műhely},
year = {2010},
volume = {7},
number = {2},
pages = {149-156},
url = {http://www.ace.hu/am/2010_2/AM-10-02-HMM.pdf}
}
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Markó
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Limnokvarcit a Cserhát hegységben / Limnic quartzite in the Cserhát Mountains | 2005 | Archeometriai Műhely 2(4), pp. 52-55 |
article | URL | |
| Abstract: Based on the technical literature, the Cserhát Mts. is quite poor in traces of hydrothermal activity and as a consequence in hydrothermal raw materials. Since the 1980s however, a large number of archaeological localities of different ages and dozens of workshop sites were discovered and partly excavated in this territory. All of them yielded quite characteristic siliceous rocks, containing many inhomogeneities, fossil plant and mollusc remains and covered by bluish and white patina layer. On the other hand single artefacts made of macroscopically similar raw material were identified in some assemblages excavated in a larger distance from the supposed outcrops. Another type of hydroquartzite and jasper were also used on these sites. The question was to identify the possible source/sources of the raw material types. During the field prospections outcrops of the raw materials were identified in the vicinity of Püspökhatvan and Galgagyörk; furthermore other sources may be supposed around Buják. The jasper may originate from gravel deposits of the Miocene age. |
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BibTeX:
@article{Marko2005,
author = {Markó, András},
title = {Limnokvarcit a Cserhát hegységben / Limnic quartzite in the Cserhát Mountains},
journal = {Archeometriai Műhely},
year = {2005},
volume = {2},
number = {4},
pages = {52-55},
url = {http://www.ace.hu/am/2005_4/AM-2005-4-MA.pdf}
}
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Martini and Sibilia
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Luminescence Dating and Cultural Heritage | 2006 | Archeometriai Műhely 3(1), pp. 03-11 |
article | URL | |
| Abstract: Crystalline inclusions present in ceramics act as thermoluminescent dosimeters of the dose due to the natural irradiation field. Because of this various ceramic material (pottery, bricks, cooked clays, clay-cores) can be dated by thermoluminescence (TL). A short review of the main possibilities of TL dating is given, with some examples that underline the advantages and limits of this method in archaeology. | ||||||
BibTeX:
@article{MartiniSibilia2006,
author = {Martini, Marco and Sibilia, Emanuela},
title = {Luminescence Dating and Cultural Heritage},
journal = {Archeometriai Műhely},
year = {2006},
volume = {3},
number = {1},
pages = {03-11},
url = {http://www.ace.hu/am/2006_1/AM-2006-1-MM.pdf}
}
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Medzihradszky
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Vértes és a pleisztocén paleobotanika / Vértes and the Pleistocene palaeobotanical research | 2008 | Archeometriai Műhely 5(2), pp. 11-16 |
article | URL | |
| Abstract: In the present paper the results of the palaeobotanical investigations carried out on the archaeological excavations of László Vértes are introduced. The changes of the vegetation history and the climate are presented using the botanical data of three methods, anthracotomy, macrofossil analysis and palynology at the localities Istállóskő-cave, Tata- Porhanyó quarry and Vértesszőlős. |
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BibTeX:
@article{Medzihradszky2008,
author = {Medzihradszky, Zsófia},
title = {Vértes és a pleisztocén paleobotanika / Vértes and the Pleistocene palaeobotanical research},
journal = {Archeometriai Műhely},
year = {2008},
volume = {5},
number = {2},
pages = {11-16},
url = {http://www.ace.hu/am/2008_2/AM-08-02-MZS.pdf}
}
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Mende
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Possibilities and limits of the archaeogenetical analysis on the ancient human remains | 2006 | Archeometriai Műhely 3(1), pp. 29-33 |
article | URL | |
| Abstract: Archaeogenetic investigations ? parallel to the wide expansion of molecular genetics ? have recently gained importance in archaeology and population history. This positive change in its role in historical research is based partly on the technological development of the last two decades and partly on the recognition of the fundamental conservatism of the DNA. The field was open for a multi-respect analysis of the DNA of several thousand years old human remains. The polymorphism of the DNA, especially on certain sections of the mitochondrial DNA, offered the possibility for the most thorough examination ever in relation to the spread and genetic variability of the human species. Because of the fragmentary character of the preserved ancient DNA sections, the morphometric features of the human skeleton and the genetic haplogroups formed by the DNA-based polymorphism cannot be correlated. In fortunate cases, archaeogenetic investigations make it possible to study illnesses of genetic origin or analyse kinship relations in smaller burial groups. The examination of patrilineal and autosomatic inheritance can be of great help in answering the major questions of the population history of the Carpathian Basin. The most recent investigations concentrate on the testing of archaeological and historical preconceptions regarding the eighth to twelfth centuries, with special emphasis on the problem of population and ethnic group. The most spectacular results, however, can be expected in relation to the population problems of the Neolithic. The archaeogenetic laboratory in the Archaeological Institute of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences was established to answer these questions. The long-term financing of such investigations, however, has not been solved properly, not least because of the time needed and the difficulties one has to face when trying to provide an interdisciplinary interpretation. In order to decrease the possibility of modern human DNA contamination, there is a recent tendency to limit the number of research groups and focus the limited resources ? among them the available grants and funds ? in the major archaeogenetic research centres. |
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BibTeX:
@article{Mende2006a,
author = {Mende, Balázs Gusztáv},
title = {Possibilities and limits of the archaeogenetical analysis on the ancient human remains},
journal = {Archeometriai Műhely},
year = {2006},
volume = {3},
number = {1},
pages = {29-33},
url = {http://www.ace.hu/am/2006_1/AM-2006-1-MBG.pdf}
}
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Mesterházy et al.
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Beszámoló a ?Regional Training course on Demonstration of Techniques for Cultural Heritage Protection? rendezvényről [BibTeX] |
2011 | Archeometriai Műhely 8(2), pp. 209-210 |
article | URL | |
BibTeX:
@article{Mesterhazy2011_2,
author = {Mesterházy, Dávid and Kovács, András and Kasztovszky, Zsolt},
title = {Beszámoló a ?Regional Training course on Demonstration of Techniques for Cultural Heritage Protection? rendezvényről},
journal = {Archeometriai Műhely},
year = {2011},
volume = {8},
number = {2},
pages = {209-210},
url = {http://www.ace.hu/am/2011_2/AM-11-02-kozl.pdf}
}
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Mihály et al.
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Vértesszőlősi, alsó paleolit korból származó állatcsontok vizsgálata FTIR és FT-Raman spektroszkópiai módszerekkel / FTIR and FT-Raman spectroscopical study of Lower Palaeolithic bones from Vértessz?l?s | 2006 | Archeometriai Műhely 3(3), pp. 15-18 |
article | URL | |
| Abstract: Archaeological bone samples of burned and unburned appearance from Vértesszőlős excavation were analysed by FT-Raman, FTIR and Far-FTIR techniques and compared with results of modern bones. FTIR spectrum of archaeological sample is similar to OH-apatite with some carbonate contamination, referring to a perfect crystalline structure. In the archaeological bone spectrum with the most burned appearance, however, an extra band at 1050 cm-1 (shoulder) starts to grow up. (After oven experiment of fresh bone a well defined splitting at 1047 and 1038 cm-1 occurs, presumably due to apatite transformation.) The relative intensities of 1102/1043 cm-1 and 604/565 cm-1 are also changed. Far-FTIR measurements also reveal changes in the lattice structure for burned samples. IR spectra of burned ancient bones and of fresh bones after oven experiment are very similar also in the spectral region between 1700 and 1200 cm-1. No dark coloured metaloxide species (~530 cm-1) were detected. FT-Raman spectrum of unburned archaeological bone shows small organic contamination (IR showed the same) and a very nice crystalline structure. Burned bones, dark coloured samples, because the strong heating effect, were difficult to measure producing not very good S/N spectra. Less organic contamination, but some extra bands of carbonate (1435, 1083, 701 and 280 cm-1) are present in the spectrum. Regarding the crystalline structure, again some small shift from 590 to 593 cm-1 in the ? 4PO4 contour can be observed. Combination of Raman and FTIR spectroscopy can be an effective tool to investigate archaeological remains of organic origin. |
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BibTeX:
@article{MihalyETAL2006,
author = {Mihály, Judith and Mink, János and Hajba, László},
title = {Vértesszőlősi, alsó paleolit korból származó állatcsontok vizsgálata FTIR és FT-Raman spektroszkópiai módszerekkel / FTIR and FT-Raman spectroscopical study of Lower Palaeolithic bones from Vértessz?l?s},
journal = {Archeometriai Műhely},
year = {2006},
volume = {3},
number = {3},
pages = {15-18},
url = {http://www.ace.hu/am/2006_3/AM-2006-3-MJ.pdf}
}
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Molnár et al.
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Kelet-horvátországi lösz-paleotalaj sorozatok malakológiai elemzése / Malacological investigations on East-Croatian loess-paleosol profiles | 2011 | Archeometriai Műhely 8(2), pp. 127-136 |
article | URL | |
| Abstract: Quaternary sediments are prevalent in Eastern Croatia and include predominantly alluvial, marshy, lacustrine sediments that are partly covered with aeolian material. At least six paleolsols, ranging in age from the Middle to Upper Pleistocene, are intercalated in the loess sections in Eastern Croatia. Geochemical, sedimentological and geochronological analyses of these paleosols have been used to reconstruct the environmental and climatic changes that occurred in Eastern Croatia during the Middle to Late Pleistocene. With a few exceptions, results of malacological investigations of loess profiles in Eastern Croatia were published mostly in Croatian language so far. In 2008, conjunction with Croatian-Hungarian bilateral project, three of these loess profiles were investigated at Zmajevac and ©arengrad villages, in Eastern Croatia. All profiles are situated in the vicinity of the Danube. Samples were taken at every 25 cm, and the main goal of the investigation was to study the Quaternary malacofauna. The examined profiles yielded nearly 9,000 specimens of 55 mollusc species. The main characteristics of the Zmajevac profile are the appearance of chronospecies (Ena montana, Mastus bielzi, Cochlodina laminata, Macrogastra ventricosa, Clausilia pumila, Trichia unidentata, Trichia edentula), the presence of Pseudofusulus varians which taxa is a curio in the Carpathian Basin; and a probable change in temperature demand of Vallonia tenuilabris in the lower parts of the profile. Based on composition of the mollusc fauna and the age data, the lower part of the profile is deposited during the Middle Pleistocene. The duality of ©arengrad profiles can be revealed in the composition of the mollusc fauna. The lower part of the profiles has fluvial origin (sandy silts with infusion loess layers on the top) and on the upper part aeolian loess layers deposited. |
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BibTeX:
@article{Molnar2011_2,
author = {Molnár, Dávid and Sávai, Szilvia and Hupuczi, Júlia and Galović, Lidija and Sümegi, Pál},
title = {Kelet-horvátországi lösz-paleotalaj sorozatok malakológiai elemzése / Malacological investigations on East-Croatian loess-paleosol profiles},
journal = {Archeometriai Műhely},
year = {2011},
volume = {8},
number = {2},
pages = {127-136},
url = {http://www.ace.hu/am/2011_2/AM-11-02-MD.pdf}
}
|
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Nagy et al.
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Szarmata és avar kori üveggyöngyök elektron-mikroszondás vizsgálata / Investigation of Sarmatian and Avar glass beads by electron microprobe | 2010 | Archeometriai Műhely 7(1), pp. 27-50 |
article | URL | |
| Abstract: Nearly 200 glass beads found in Sarmatian (2nd -4th cent. AD) and Avar (6th -8th cent. AD ) graves in recent Hungary were subjected to instrumental analysis. The Sarmatian beads are monochrome, the Avar beads are often decorated. The textures, inclusions, precipitations, colouring and modifying components, inhomogeneities of glasses with different colours were investigated, and exact quantitative analyses were done by electron microprobe and X-ray diffraction. The beads and the determined compositions of the glasses are listed in Appendix. A review of the literature of ancient and early medieval glass making and colouring is given in order to understand the obtained results. The coloured glass beads not only follow the fashion but reflect changes in technology, too. Blue glass was coloured in Sarmatian time presumably by cobalt with antimony added, in Avar age mainly by bivalent copper combined by lead. The green colour was produced mainly by copper in both ages. The red glass was coloured by elementary copper precipitations, produced by reduction of bivalent copper oxide. In Avar age iron was used as inner reducing agent, proved by the microtexture and chemical compositions; in Sarmatian age another technology was used, its traces we could not detect. Orange glass ? coloured by reduced copper and tin- and lead-oxide ? was made only in Sarmatian age. The red and orange beads found in Sarmatian graves are made of ?ash? type glasses, glass beads of other colours were mainly made of ?soda? type glasses from both ages as well as red Avar glasses. Yellow glass was found in Avar graves only, it is rich in lead and has been coloured by PbSn1-xSixO3 grains. White glass obtained its colour from antimony-oxide in Sarmatian age and from tin and lead-oxide in Avar age. The texture and compositions of the black glasses are diverse, the majority of Avar black beads have high iron contents. The differences in material ? in texture and in chemistry ? made it possible to classify in cases of uncertain graves, and indicated repeated use of a few glass beads. Excluding Sarmatian red and orange beads, the majority of the glasses belong to ?soda? type glasses, but ?ash? type glasses also appear; both types have been coloured similarly. The simultaneous occurrence of the two types indicates that the production and processing ? colouring and bead production ? were done in different places, and the processing workshops worked with rough glasses originating sometimes from distant places from each other. In cases of Early Avar beads the decorations were compared with monochrome beads and with ?bases? of decorated beads of the same colours. We found that the textures were similar, but small differences appeared in compositions. Unequivocal differences, proved by statistical t-probe were found in iron contents of the red glasses and in lead contents of every colours. These are interpreted as intentional differences, preventing unwanted changes in the colour, or modifying the colour, or influencing the softening temperature of the glass. |
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BibTeX:
@article{NagyETAL2010_1,
author = {Nagy, Géza and Pásztor, Adrien and Fórizs, István and Tóth, Mária},
title = {Szarmata és avar kori üveggyöngyök elektron-mikroszondás vizsgálata / Investigation of Sarmatian and Avar glass beads by electron microprobe},
journal = {Archeometriai Műhely},
year = {2010},
volume = {7},
number = {1},
pages = {27-50},
url = {http://www.ace.hu/am/2010_1/AM-10-01-NG.pdf}
}
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Nagy
|
Mineralogical, petrographic and geochemical study of Neolithic polished axes from Micula (NW Transylvania, Romania) / Újkőkori csiszolt kőeszközök vizsgálata kőzettani és geokémiai módszerekkel (Mikola, ÉNy Erdély, Románia) | 2008 | Archeometriai Műhely 5(2), pp. 37-46 |
article | URL | |
| Abstract: Two polished stone axes found at Micula (NW Transylvania, Romania) were mineralogicaly, petrographicaly and geochemicaly studied. The stone artefacts were assigned to the Neolithic period. Both are made from metamorphic rocks, i.e. amphibolite and hornfels respectively. The petrography, EMP, and PGAA analyses of the stone axes compared with geological information and the references data point to an extremely large range of possible geological sources for the rocks: from the northern part of the Apuseni Mts. to the northern part of the Eastern Carpathians or even the Bohemian Massif. Most likely, the place for collecting material could have been the alluvial sediments (boulders, pebbles) from the rivers nearby, such as Someş, Tisa, Crasna or Criş. |
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BibTeX:
@article{NagyETAL2008,
author = {Nagy, I., Weiszburg, T., Szakmány, Gy., Varga, G., Kasztovszky, Zs.},
title = {Mineralogical, petrographic and geochemical study of Neolithic polished axes from Micula (NW Transylvania, Romania) / Újkőkori csiszolt kőeszközök vizsgálata kőzettani és geokémiai módszerekkel (Mikola, ÉNy Erdély, Románia)},
journal = {Archeometriai Műhely},
year = {2008},
volume = {5},
number = {2},
pages = {37-46},
url = {http://www.ace.hu/am/2008_2/AM-08-02-NI.pdf}
}
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Oravecz and Józsa
|
A Magyar Nemzeti Múzeum újkőkori és rézkori csiszolt kőeszközeinek régészeti és kőzettani vizsgálata / Archaeological and petrographic investigation of polished stone tools ... | 2005 | Archeometriai Műhely 2(1), pp. 23-47 |
article | URL | |
| Abstract: This paper deals with the investigation of polished stone tools, both from archaeological and petrographic aspects. Altogether 266 stone artefacts from 35 localities were studied from Transdanubia, the North Hungarian Mid-Mountain Range and the Great Hungarian Plain, all of them coming from authentic excavations, mainly from settlements and partly from graves. Hungarian prehistoric research has for long acknowledged the connection between polished stone tools and their use on wood, their exact function, however, was not analysed. This article aims at investigating the use of the tools partly by typology (the finish of the artefacts), partly, by traces of use-wear. In our opinion, the polished stone tools were used mainly for working wood, specialised for one or more operations. Variations can be explained by hardness of the wood and precision of work. For small jobs and for fine elaboration of wood variations of chisels, rabots, cutting and carving tools were used while for big enterprises like felling trees, production of transporting media, building activities, axes, adzes and hatchets of different size were used. The polished stone artefacts had, beside their practical use, both social and ritual function. They could express rank (prestige), and serve as a measure of value. This can explain the spread of beautifully worked ornamental tools and weapons, made of rare raw materials. On many of the settlements, utilisation of lithic materials had an important role. Some of the artefacts were ?recirculated?, made by re-shaping from previously used tools. Most of the stone tools were made of raw materials that cannot be unambiguously identified macroscopically. After a primary classification the tools were further analysed petrographically in thin section, and subsequently grouped according to their significance and potential in defining source regions. The first group comprised magmatic (igneous) rocks and their slightly metamorphic variants, the second group contained rocks of possibly ophiolithic origin, the third group was made up of basically sedimentary rocks rich in silica, partly metamorphosed. On the basis of the rock groups formed, and their presence on the investigated sites, regions of use (districts) were differentiated. In the Zala district, serpentinite, in the Pilis district, andesite and chlorite schist-greenschist, in the Borsod district, metaophiolites and metavolcanites - metatuffs, in the Kőrös district, metaophiolites, in the Szeged district, sandstone and metaophiolites, in the Tisza district, andesite and metaophiolites, in the Tokaj sub-district separated within the latter, sandstone was found to be the dominant raw material. These districts were allocated to potential source regions based on the geological build-up of the territories in question. According to our studies volcanites, metavolcanites and sandstone were basically used locally while rocks of ophiolitic origin could be used for the production of stone tools at a considerable distance from the sources. |
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BibTeX:
@article{OraveczJozsa2005,
author = {Oravecz, Hargita and Józsa, Sándor},
title = {A Magyar Nemzeti Múzeum újkőkori és rézkori csiszolt kőeszközeinek régészeti és kőzettani vizsgálata / Archaeological and petrographic investigation of polished stone tools ...},
journal = {Archeometriai Műhely},
year = {2005},
volume = {2},
number = {1},
pages = {23-47},
url = {http://www.ace.hu/am/2005_1/AM-2005-1-OH.pdf}
}
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Pataki
|
Könyvismertetés / Book review: Z. Maxim, Diana Bindea, Luminiţa Săsăran (szerk.): Archeometrie în România, III. kötet [BibTeX] |
2010 | Archeometriai Műhely 7(1), pp. 105 |
article | URL | |
BibTeX:
@article{Pataki2010_1,
author = {Pataki, Bernadeth},
title = {Könyvismertetés / Book review: Z. Maxim, Diana Bindea, Luminiţa Săsăran (szerk.): Archeometrie în România, III. kötet},
journal = {Archeometriai Műhely},
year = {2010},
volume = {7},
number = {1},
pages = {105},
url = {http://www.ace.hu/am/2010_1/AM-10-01-kozl.pdf}
}
|
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Patay-Horváth
|
Virtual 3D reconstruction of the east pediment of the Temple of Zeus at Olympia - a preliminary report / Előzetes jelentés az olympiai Zeus-templom keleti oromcsoportjának virtuális 3D rekonstrukciójáról | 2010 | Archeometriai Műhely 7(1), pp. 19-26 |
article | URL | |
| Abstract: The arrangement of the five central figures of the east pediment of the temple of Zeus at Olympia has been the subject of scholarly debates since the discovery of the fragments more than a century ago. Most recently the author has started a project to approach this controversy in a new way, by producing a virtual 3D reconstruction of the group. Digital models of the statues are produced by scanning the original fragments and by reconstructing them virtually in order to test the feasibility and aesthetic effects of the different reconstructions. The present report focuses on the various technical difficulties encountered during the scanning campaign in the Archaeological Museum of ancient Olympia and gives an overview of the work in progress. |
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BibTeX:
@article{Patay2010_1,
author = {Patay-Horváth, András},
title = {Virtual 3D reconstruction of the east pediment of the Temple of Zeus at Olympia - a preliminary report / Előzetes jelentés az olympiai Zeus-templom keleti oromcsoportjának virtuális 3D rekonstrukciójáról},
journal = {Archeometriai Műhely},
year = {2010},
volume = {7},
number = {1},
pages = {19-26},
url = {http://www.ace.hu/am/2010_1/AM-10-01-PHA.pdf}
}
|
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Perhoč
|
Sources of chert for prehistoric lithic industries in Middle Dalmatia / Adatok Közép-Dalmácia őskori kőeszközeinek nyersanyag-forrásaihoz: kovakőzetek | 2009 | Archeometriai Műhely 6(3), pp. 45-56 |
article | URL | |
| Abstract: This contribution presents an overview of chert outcrops in Middle Dalmatia. It is a result of outcrop prospection and macroscopic analysis of cherts from the region, in the course of which a comparative collection of geological samples and a respective data base were formed. Middle Dalmatia is a part of the outer Dinaric Range, finally shaped by orogenesis during the Neogene, and acquiring recent maritime character since the end of Pleistocene. Lithologically, the region is built of carbonate rocks that were deposited continuously from Jurassic until Paleogene. Primary chert outcrops that appear within those rocks throughout the region are from Triassic, Jurassic, Cretaceous, and (most often) Paleogene, with secondary accumulations formed during the Quaternary Period. This overview presents results of the first phase of long-term research, aimed at correlating archaeological lithic inventories to regional sources of lithic raw material. |
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BibTeX:
@article{Perhoc2009_3,
author = {Perhoč, Zlatko},
title = {Sources of chert for prehistoric lithic industries in Middle Dalmatia / Adatok Közép-Dalmácia őskori kőeszközeinek nyersanyag-forrásaihoz: kovakőzetek},
journal = {Archeometriai Műhely},
year = {2009},
volume = {6},
number = {3},
pages = {45-56},
url = {http://www.ace.hu/am/2009_3/AM-09-03-ZP.pdf}
}
|
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Persaits et al.
|
Késő vaskori (kelta), koraközépkori és kora-árpád-kori őrlőkövek fitolitelemzése (Vas megye, Magyarország) / Phytolith analysis of grinding stones from the Iron Age, Early Middle and Arpadian Ages | 2010 | Archeometriai Műhely 7(3), pp. 215-226 |
article | URL | |
| Abstract: Phytolith analysis is already an important method in geoarchaeological researches in Hungary. We analysed millstones from late Iron Age and early Middle Ages from two different sites (Kemenespálfa-Zsombékos, Celldömölk-Vulkánfürdő). We should like to know what kind of plants formed the grown plants by the analysis of the cereal phytoliths sticked on the surface of millstones derive from formerly milled seeds. Altogether 20 millstone-fragments were analysed from 12 different archaeological features. In case of the late Iron Age samples einkorn (Triticum monococcum) phytoliths were dominant (Kemenespálfa-Zsombékos) as well as emmer (Triticum dicoccum). Samples derive from the Middle Ages contained only common wheat (Triticum aestivum) phytoliths to such a degree that in Celldömölk-Vulkánfürdő site we could not clearly identify any other sort of cereals. It is maybe because of the phytolith-loss during the secondary utilisation of millstones (building stones). So the phytolith analysis of millstones can be very effective if we can collect quickly deposited stones without secondary usage. |
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BibTeX:
@article{Persaits2010_3,
author = {Persaits, Gergő and Farkas, Csilla and Pap, Ildikó Katalin},
title = {Késő vaskori (kelta), koraközépkori és kora-árpád-kori őrlőkövek fitolitelemzése (Vas megye, Magyarország) / Phytolith analysis of grinding stones from the Iron Age, Early Middle and Arpadian Ages},
journal = {Archeometriai Műhely},
year = {2010},
volume = {7},
number = {3},
pages = {215-226},
url = {http://www.ace.hu/am/2010_3/AM-10-03-PG.pdf}
}
|
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Pető
|
A fitolitkutatás szerepe az őskörnyezettanban / The role of phytolit research in palaeoecological reconstructions | 2009 | Archeometriai Műhely 6(2), pp. 15-30 |
article | URL | |
| Abstract: The present paper is based on the presentation held on 31st March 2009 at the Hungarian National Museum on a workshop entitled "Archaeology ? Geology - Pedology ? how far have we got with palaeoecological reconstructions?? organised by the Archaeometry Workshop. Following paper intends to present the brief history and theoretical development of the discipline called phytolith analysis and intends to give a basic theoretical background of various methodological aspects, before discussing certain issues and experimental relations gained in Hungarian case studies. The function of the uppermost Earth cover ? defined as soil ? is multifarious. Besides being the most important medium for crop cultivation and buffer of contaminations, it shelters the ?memories? of human history in the form of many different phenomena. Not only macrofossils or archaeological findings transmit information on how people managed their environment, but microscopic remains formed in and by living organisms are equipped with notable information package, too. Phytolith analysis went through several phases of development during the last two centuries until the most important baselines of the discipline evolved. Nowadays these principles are widely used in environmental archaeology, palaeoecology and landscape studies. Tracing the development of the discipline provides useful lessons for all of those applying the method in environmental studies. During the building of a soil-phytolith database, a wooded pasture in the Bakony Mountains was selected as a target area too conduct controll studies for the further development of the reference database. An ecological classification system was used to conduct the analysis of the target area, which was once densily covered by decidous forest. Environmental change classified by ?forest ? ploughland ? wooded pasture? was underlined by the results of the controll Luvisol profile. |
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BibTeX:
@article{Peto2009,
author = {Pető, Ákos},
title = {A fitolitkutatás szerepe az őskörnyezettanban / The role of phytolit research in palaeoecological reconstructions},
journal = {Archeometriai Műhely},
year = {2009},
volume = {6},
number = {2},
pages = {15-30},
url = {http://www.ace.hu/am/2009_2/AM-09-02-PA.pdf}
}
|
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Pintér
|
Az izotópgeokémia alkalmazása az archeometriai kerámiavizsgálatokban / Isotope geochemistry in the archaeomertical ceramic analysis | 2005 | Archeometriai Műhely 2(2), pp. 46-50 |
article | URL | |
| Abstract: Radiogenic isotope geochemistry is a widely used analytical method among geochemical analyses. Radiogenic isotopes are mostly used for radiogenic dating of minerals and rocks, they can also be used as tracers (e.g. 87Sr/86Sr, 143Nd/144Nd, etc.) in characterisation of geological regimes, rocks, and areas. The radiogenic isotopes can also be successfully applied in the research of siliciclastic sediments. These mostly clayey sediments, which were used as raw materials of the pottery production, also bear the radiogenic isotope geochemical properties of the rocks of an orogenic region from which they derived due to alteration and sedimentation processes. Therefore radiogenic isotope ratios of the ceramics can provide valuable information about the origin of raw materials, and thus directly about the provenance of the artefacts. |
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BibTeX:
@article{Pinter2005a,
author = {Pintér, Farkas},
title = {Az izotópgeokémia alkalmazása az archeometriai kerámiavizsgálatokban / Isotope geochemistry in the archaeomertical ceramic analysis},
journal = {Archeometriai Műhely},
year = {2005},
volume = {2},
number = {2},
pages = {46-50},
url = {http://www.ace.hu/am/2005_2/AM-2005-2-PF.pdf}
}
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Pintér
|
Magyarországi műemléki kőanyagok kataszterezésének lehet?sége a gerecsei "vörös márvány" példáján bemutatva / Possibilities of catalogueing prominent building and decorative stones from Hungary, presented on the examble of "Red marble" | 2005 | Archeometriai Műhely 2(3), pp. 07-12 |
article | URL | |
| Abstract: For the comprehensive categorisation of building materials of important Hungarian historic monuments no overall issue has yet come into existence. Based on the experience of monument protection the existence of such building stone catalogue would be very useful for several organisations and experts dealing with monument protection in Hungary. The presentation of rock-types would be based on different Hungarian historic monuments. The collection would contain the following data: geological, petrographic, macro- and microscopic characterisation and physical properties of different rock types, ancient and working quarries, description of typical weathering phenomena, presentation of useable cleaning and conservation methods, etc. The printed version should be completed with a dynamically developing electronic database which will contain the list of the Hungarian monuments made of different rock types. The selection of the monuments will be based on archaeological and art historical data (from the Roman Age until the middle of the 19th century), the processing of the stone material will be based on geological criteria. The catalogue will be mainly useful for architects, art historians, archaeologists, and conservators, but it can contain valuable information for geologists as well. |
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BibTeX:
@article{Pinter2005b,
author = {Pintér, Farkas},
title = {Magyarországi műemléki kőanyagok kataszterezésének lehet?sége a gerecsei "vörös márvány" példáján bemutatva / Possibilities of catalogueing prominent building and decorative stones from Hungary, presented on the examble of "Red marble"},
journal = {Archeometriai Műhely},
year = {2005},
volume = {2},
number = {3},
pages = {07-12},
url = {http://www.ace.hu/am/2005_3/AM-2005-3-PF.pdf}
}
|
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Pintér et al.
|
Törökkori hidraulikus vakolatok és habarcsok a Budapesti Császár-fürdőből / Hydraulic mortars and plasters of the Ottoman Császár Bath (Budapest) | 2009 | Archeometriai Műhely 6(1), pp. 75-80 |
article | URL | |
| Abstract: During the recent restoration of the Ottoman part of the Császár Bath in Budapest, dated back to the 16th century, brick-lime plasters and mortars of different colours (white, pink, and red) were identified in the interior. Archaeometric study of brick-lime plasters and mortars aimed at determining their composition, hydraulic properties as well as to reveal the preparation technology. In the brick-lime mixtures, commonly used in the Ottoman times for several water-resistant building constructions (e.g. baths), brick fragments and brick dust play a role as pozzolanas (latent hydraulic aggregates) in the formation of the hydraulic character of mortars and plasters. Preliminary results indicate that the lime used for producing mortars and plasters also had hydraulic properties. The high Si content of the limy matrix, zoned ?lime lumps? containing high amount of Si, silicate grains with Ca-rich diffusion rims and the card-house microstructure of the matrix suggest that the lime was produced by calcination of impure limestone (i.e. limestone with silicate impurities). |
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BibTeX:
@article{PinterETAL2009,
author = {Pintér, Farkas and Bajnóczi, Bernadett and Tóth, Mária and Weber, Johannes},
title = {Törökkori hidraulikus vakolatok és habarcsok a Budapesti Császár-fürdőből / Hydraulic mortars and plasters of the Ottoman Császár Bath (Budapest)},
journal = {Archeometriai Műhely},
year = {2009},
volume = {6},
number = {1},
pages = {75-80},
url = {http://www.ace.hu/am/2009_1/AM-09-01-PF.PDF}
}
|
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Pintér and Zöldföldi
|
A szombathelyi Isis-szentélyből származó két márványminta eredethatározása stabilizotóp-geokémiai és petrográfiai módszerekkel / Provenancing two marble samples from the Savaria Iseum by stable isotope geochemistry and petrography | 2005 | Archeometriai Műhely 2(1), pp. 57-59 |
article | URL | |
| Abstract: During the restoration work of the roman Isis sanctuary (Szombathely, West Hungary) the question has arisen, from where originated the raw material of the entablature. In order to answer this question we used petrographic (thin section) and stable isotope geochemical methods. Results were compared to the isotope geochemical and petrographic data of ancient marble quarries in south Austria. Results have shown that the two marble pieces taken from the entablature of the sanctuary originated from the same marble quarry, which was most probably the quarry near Gummern (Carinthia, Austria). This result is also supported by the fact, that Gummern was already a well-known marble source in the Roman Ages. |
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BibTeX:
@article{PinterZoeldfoeldiETAL2005,
author = {Pintér, Farkas and Zöldföldi, Judit},
title = {A szombathelyi Isis-szentélyből származó két márványminta eredethatározása stabilizotóp-geokémiai és petrográfiai módszerekkel / Provenancing two marble samples from the Savaria Iseum by stable isotope geochemistry and petrography},
journal = {Archeometriai Műhely},
year = {2005},
volume = {2},
number = {1},
pages = {57-59},
url = {http://www.ace.hu/am/2005_1/AM-2005-1-PF.pdf}
}
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Péterdi
|
Beszámoló a 36. Nemzetközi Archeometriai Szimpóziumról (36th International Symposium on Archaeometry, 2-6 May 2006, Quebec City, Canada) [BibTeX] |
2006 | Archeometriai Műhely 3(2), pp. 39-40 |
article | URL | |
BibTeX:
@article{Peterdi2006,
author = {Péterdi, Bálint},
title = {Beszámoló a 36. Nemzetközi Archeometriai Szimpóziumról (36th International Symposium on Archaeometry, 2-6 May 2006, Quebec City, Canada)},
journal = {Archeometriai Műhely},
year = {2006},
volume = {3},
number = {2},
pages = {39-40},
url = {http://www.ace.hu/am/2006_2/AM-2006-2-kozl.pdf}
}
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Péterdi et al.
|
Bazaltos andezit nyersanyagú szarmata szerszámkövek kőzettani és geokémiai vizsgálata (Üllő 5. lelőhely) / Petrographical and geochemical investigation of Sarmatian stone utensils made of basaltic andesite from the site Üllő 5. | 2009 | Archeometriai Műhely 6(2), pp. 43-60 |
article | URL | |
| Abstract: This study reports results of petrographical and geochemical analyses on grinding stones (and fragments of grinding stones and other stone stools) from the archaeological site Üllő 5 (Pest County, Hungary). Üllő 5. is the largest excavated Sarmatian site: cca. 9000 object on 300000 m2 from the third-fourth century. Altogether 4133 finds (all made of stone) were surveyed macroscopically, among them 926 grinding stones, millstones, fragments of grinding stones and grinders. Most of them (848 pieces) are made from basaltic andesite. The present paper reports the investigation of the 848 basaltic andesite finds. After the macroscopical observation of the finds; they were grouped and the characteristic samples were further investigated in thin section by polarisation microscopy. Additional chemical analyses have been performed. Bulk chemical analysis was performed with ICP-ES, ICP-MS and with Prompt Gamma Activation Analysis (PGAA); some samples were analysed with electron microprobe analysis (EPMA). (Table 1.) To get more information about the provenance of the archaeological finds we gathered and studied andesite samples from natural outcrops of the neighbouring volcanic mountains (Börzsöny, Cserhát, Mátra and Karancs Mts.). (Table 1., Fig. 1.) The data were compared with data of analyses found in literature consulted. Most of the investigated grinding stones are made of andesite. Among them two major macroscopic groups could be separated. The microscopic features of the two andesite-types are almost the same. Additional chemical analyses have been performed (ICP-ES, ICP-MS, PGAA and EPMA). On the basis of the analyses of the archaeological finds and our gathered comparative samples [i.e. macroscopical, microscopical and chemical examinations] the basaltic andesite raw materials are originated from the Cserhát Mts. |
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BibTeX:
@article{PeterdiETAL2009,
author = {Péterdi, Bálint and Szakmány, György and Judik, Katalin and Dobosi, Gábor},
title = {Bazaltos andezit nyersanyagú szarmata szerszámkövek kőzettani és geokémiai vizsgálata (Üllő 5. lelőhely) / Petrographical and geochemical investigation of Sarmatian stone utensils made of basaltic andesite from the site Üllő 5.},
journal = {Archeometriai Műhely},
year = {2009},
volume = {6},
number = {2},
pages = {43-60},
url = {http://www.ace.hu/am/2009_2/AM-09-02-PB.pdf}
}
|
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Péterdi et al.
|
Bazalt anyagú csiszolt kőeszközök kőzettani és geokémiai vizsgálata (Balatonöszöd - Temetői dűlő lelőhely) / Petrographical and geochemical investigation of polished stone tools made of basalt from the site Balatonőszöd - Temetői dűlő (Hungary) | 2011 | Archeometriai Műhely 8(1), pp. 33-68 |
article | URL | |
| Abstract: The present study reports results of petrographical and geochemical analyses on polished stone artefacts (stone axes etc.) and stone tools from the archaeological site Balatonöszöd ? Temetői dűlő (Hungary). Balatonöszöd ? Temetői dűlő is the largest excavated and longest-lived site of the Baden Culture in Hungary (more than 20.000 m2) (Fig. 1.). In the site objects of the Balaton-Lasinja Culture (Middle Copper Age) and the Boleraz Culture were found too. Altogether 500 finds (made of stone) turned up. The present study reports the results of the investigation of 204 finds, all made of basalt. Most of the finds made of basalt belong to the Baden Culture. Almost all finds made of basalt are stone axes, but most of them are only pre-forms, or fragments, their material is weathered. (Handaxes, grinding stones, objects whose function is not known, boulders of raw material and cores of shaft-hole axes can also be found.) According to their macroscopic and microscopic features (stage of the weathering, mineral composition, texture) two type of basaltic rocks can be separated among the finds. On the basis of our analyses [i.e. macroscopical, microscopical and chemical examinations (bulk-rock chemistry (PGAA, ICP-ES, ICP-MS) and mineral chemistry (EPMA) of olivine, clinopyroxene, plagioclase, iron-titanoxides (titanomagnetite), spinel inclusions in olivine, leucite (in the first type of basalt)], compared with data of analyses found in the literature consulted, with the help of multivariant dataprocessing ? the basaltic raw material of the first type of the archaeological finds is originated most probable from the basaltic rocks of Hegyestű. The raw material of the second type of the archaeological finds is mainly similar to the basaltic rocks of Haláp and Uzsa (Fig. 20.), but can not be identified with them. Further investigations (i.e. more data of mineral chemistry) are needed for safety exclusion of the basaltic rocks of Selmecbánya (Banská Stiavnica, Slovakia) (in the case of the first type of the archaeological finds); and Diszel (Hajagoshegy) and Sarata (Muntii Persanii, Romania) (in the case of the second type of the archaeological finds). However, we can exclude Selmecbánya (Banská Stiavnica, Slovakia) and Sarata (Muntii Persanii, Romania) because of their significant distance from the archaeological site. |
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BibTeX:
@article{Peterdi2011_1,
author = {Péterdi, Bálint and Szakmány, György and Judik, Katalin and Dobosi, Gábor and Kovács, József and Kasztovszky, Zsolt and Szilágyi, Veronika},
title = {Bazalt anyagú csiszolt kőeszközök kőzettani és geokémiai vizsgálata (Balatonöszöd - Temetői dűlő lelőhely) / Petrographical and geochemical investigation of polished stone tools made of basalt from the site Balatonőszöd - Temetői dűlő (Hungary)},
journal = {Archeometriai Műhely},
year = {2011},
volume = {8},
number = {1},
pages = {33-68},
url = {http://www.ace.hu/am/2011_1/AM-11-01-PB.pdf}
}
|
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Přichystal
|
Classification of lithic raw materials used for prehistoric chipped artefacts in general and siliceous sediments (silicites) in particular: the Czech proposal / Javaslat a pattintott kőeszközök készítésére használt kőeszközök osztályozására | 2010 | Archeometriai Műhely 7(3), pp. 177-182 |
article | URL | |
| Abstract: Lithic raw materials for chipped artefacts can be divided into five groups: a) siliceous sediments (silicites); b) minerals of SiO2; c) natural glasses; d) clastic silica sediments; e) other rocks. Special attention has been devoted to the most important group of siliceous sediments. It is proposed to use one-word term silicite as the comprehensive one for all varieties such is chert, flint, spongolite, radiolarite, lydite, limnic silicite. As the flint should be called only the silicite originating in Upper Cretaceous chalk (and may be in Lowermost Tertiary ? Danian limestones). Typical feature of silicites is a presence of microfossils in contradiction to minerals of SiO2 that include quartz, rock crystal, chalcedony, opal and their coloured varieties (smoky quartz, citrine, jasper, agate etc.) and occur as filling of cavities in igneous rocks, hydrothermal veins or products of intensive weathering. Natural glasses suitable for chipping are represented by obsidian, pitchstone and tektites. Clastic (detrital) silica rocks are composed especially of quartz or chert clasts and incorporate quartz sandstones, orthoquartzites and chert breccias. The group of other rocks comprises for example porcellanites and hornfelses (thermally metamorphosed sediments), silicified woods, fine grained acid volcanics, silicified fossils etc. |
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BibTeX:
@article{Prichy2010_3,
author = {Přichystal, Antonín},
title = {Classification of lithic raw materials used for prehistoric chipped artefacts in general and siliceous sediments (silicites) in particular: the Czech proposal / Javaslat a pattintott kőeszközök készítésére használt kőeszközök osztályozására},
journal = {Archeometriai Műhely},
year = {2010},
volume = {7},
number = {3},
pages = {177-182},
url = {http://www.ace.hu/am/2010_3/AM-10-03-AP.pdf}
}
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Regenye
|
A vizsgálandó közép-dunántúli újkőkori kerámia és környezete/ Neolithic pottery from Transdanubia to be investigated in the framework of the project. | 2005 | Archeometriai Műhely 2(2), pp. 16-23 |
article | URL | |
| Abstract: Transdanubia, strictly speaking the Balaton region played a very important role in the neolithisation of the central and western parts of Europe. On the inspiration of the population group that had arrived to Southern Transdanubia from the Balkan (Starčevo culture), and the Mesolithic autochthonous population of the Balaton region developed a specific Neolithic culture, which spread in an astonishingly short time over the loess areas of Europe. This culture is called Linear Pottery culture. The process was going on in the second half of the 6th millennium BC. The first farming communities lived on the bank of the lake, usually in swampy areas. Their lifestyle preserved much from the Mesolithic, farming could be only a supplementary activity. In the developed Neolithic, the villages can be found on loess areas next to watercourses or springs where the soil was soft and easy to turn. Neolithic period in Hungary coincided with the Atlantic climatic period when warm and humid climate dominated in Europe. It was a period rich in forests and waters. Closed, mixed deciduous forests covered the land, the tiny Neolithic villages composed of a few houses existed as islands in the thick woods. The fields were cleared out from the forests beside the villages. The cultural impact coming from the south (through delivery of population) happened again at the very beginning of the 5th millennium BC. At that time the settlements of the Sopot culture appeared on the scene and subsisted for a short time in Transdanubia. On the basis of these influences and on the basis of existing local population Lengyel culture emerged, extending over large parts of Central Europe. Clusters of settlements were characteristic of both the Linear Pottery culture and the Lengyel culture in the 5th millennium BC. The clusters were separated by uninhabited forest zones. The groups shared these forested areas, which, at the same time, acted as natural boundaries. There is a characteristic feature that the sites of the two cultures are usually not found in the same environment. Both cultures were farming cultures, they cultivated the land and bred cattle, both used the same raw material sources but with a different order of importance. According to their impact in the archaeological record, cultivation and horticulture were seemingly more important for the Linear Pottery culture, while cattle breeding and stone acquisition and processing dominated in the Lengyel culture. The sites to be investigated in the framework of the project: Vörs-Máriaasszonysziget (Excavation of Cs. M. Aradi 1990., Zs. M. Virág, K. Biró, N. Kalicz). Settlement of the Starčevo culture; Tihany- Apáti (Excavation of P. Rainer 2002). Settlement of the Starčevo culture; Kup-Egyes (Excavation of S. Mithay 1974; K. Biró, J. Regenye 2000-2003). Settlement of the Linear Pottery and the Lengyel culture. |
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BibTeX:
@article{Regenye2005,
author = {Regenye, Judit},
title = {A vizsgálandó közép-dunántúli újkőkori kerámia és környezete/ Neolithic pottery from Transdanubia to be investigated in the framework of the project.},
journal = {Archeometriai Műhely},
year = {2005},
volume = {2},
number = {2},
pages = {16-23},
url = {http://www.ace.hu/am/2005_2/AM-2005-2-RJ.pdf}
}
|
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Ruggeri
|
Építő és díszítő kövek megóvása és konzerválása eredeti környezetben. Előzetes eredmények a nagyharsányi római villa műemléki kőzettani kutatásából / Preservation and conservation of building and decorative stones from excavation context. | 2007 | Archeometriai Műhely 4(3), pp. 49-52 |
article | URL | |
| Abstract: The Nagyharsány Roman villa is one of the finest that came to light in Hungarian territory. The first archaeological surveys and excavations were started in 1959 by László Papp and continued later by Ferenc Fülep in the 1960?s and 1980?s. A new research project was started in 2006, including petrographic studies of materials, with a purpose of preservation in situ. Aerial photographs helped to provide an estimation of the real dimensions and disposition of different annexed units. The villa was built during the 2nd/3rd century AD on the place of a former Roman settlement and it has been continuously occupied till the 5th century. Rich decorative elements like mural paintings and mosaics have been found and are included in the petrographic investigation. Restoring interventions on wall?s remains have been executed during 1980?s using local building stone and modern mortar. The aims of the present project is to try to identify the origin of the used materials and provide conservation?s guidelines, starting from a detailed petrographic description of materials. Three different fieldworks and samplings have been performed from the villa during last months, collecting a total of 50. 10 samples have been taken from rich decorative elements found in the villa during excavations; these include 4 samples from mural paintings and 6 from mosaic tesserae. Petrographic and mineralogical investigations have been already conducted on some of those samples, also supported by X ray diffraction analysis. Further samplings, relative petrographic studies and possible comparisons with Italian Roman sites will enrich the study, in order to better understand materials used by Romans in Pannonia and their decay. |
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BibTeX:
@article{Ruggeri2007,
author = {Anna Ruggeri},
title = {Építő és díszítő kövek megóvása és konzerválása eredeti környezetben. Előzetes eredmények a nagyharsányi római villa műemléki kőzettani kutatásából / Preservation and conservation of building and decorative stones from excavation context.},
journal = {Archeometriai Műhely},
year = {2007},
volume = {4},
number = {3},
pages = {49-52},
url = {http://www.ace.hu/am/2007_3/AM-07-03-AR.pdf}
}
|
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Ryzhov et al.
|
Raw Material Provenance in the Palaeolithic of Ukraine: State of Problem, Current Approaches and First Results | 2005 | Archeometriai Műhely 2(4), pp. 17-25 |
article | URL | |
| Abstract: The territory of Ukraine is fairly rich in siliceous raw materials though their spatial distribution is uneven. Accordingly to geological data, good quality isotropic rocks suitable for knapping are especially abundant in Transcarpathia, the Dniester valley, North and North-Eastern Ukraine, and Crimea. Though areas of the main concentrations of potential outcrops of raw materials and areas intensively occupied by Palaeolithic man generally coincide, Late Middle and Upper Palaeolithic sites demonstrate somewhat different trends in spatial distribution, and form several geographical groups. The problem of raw material provenance and acquisition is still poorly elaborated not only for the Ukrainian Palaeolithic sites, but for Stone and Aeneolithic Ages, in general. The main problem is the lack of a systematic survey of available sources and further comparisons with archaeological lithic series, both macroscopic and analytical. Pioneering and highly valuable works of V. Petrougne reveal several types of flint resources on the Right-bank Ukraine (areas westwards from Dnieper). Considering the experience of a long-year program on the study of raw material base in adjacent countries, a row of specific characteristics is proposed to be involved in course of the systematic description of either natural outcrops or archaeological assemblages. A special attention is paid to several instances of availability and acquisition of flint resources in a regional context, i.e. Kanev and Zaporizhia areas in the Middle Dnieper, Bolshaia Vys? in Southern Bug basin, and the River Biyuk-Karasu area in Eastern Crimea. | ||||||
BibTeX:
@article{RyzhovETAL2005,
author = {Ryzhov, Sergej and Stepanchuk, Vadim and Sapozhnikov, Igor},
title = {Raw Material Provenance in the Palaeolithic of Ukraine: State of Problem, Current Approaches and First Results},
journal = {Archeometriai Műhely},
year = {2005},
volume = {2},
number = {4},
pages = {17-25},
url = {http://www.ace.hu/am/2005_4/AM-2005-4-RYZ.pdf}
}
|
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Rácz
|
Double interpretation of rock names in the western geological terminology compared to the former Soviet and current Russian-Ukrainian practice; terminological suggestions / Kőzetnevek kettős értelmezése a nyugati és az egykori szovjet, mai orosz-ukrán geológiai szakirodalomban, terminológiai javaslatok | 2010 | Archeometriai Műhely 7(3), pp. 203-208 |
article | URL | |
| Abstract: This paper summarises siliceous rock terminology practice currently in use for the Transcarpathian Regions of Ukraine (=Kárpátalja). It is published in full text bilingual form for AM. |
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BibTeX:
@article{Racz2010_3a,
author = {Rácz, Béla},
title = {Double interpretation of rock names in the western geological terminology compared to the former Soviet and current Russian-Ukrainian practice; terminological suggestions / Kőzetnevek kettős értelmezése a nyugati és az egykori szovjet, mai orosz-ukrán geológiai szakirodalomban, terminológiai javaslatok},
journal = {Archeometriai Műhely},
year = {2010},
volume = {7},
number = {3},
pages = {203-208},
url = {http://www.ace.hu/am/2010_3/AM-10-03-RBen.pdf}
}
|
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Rácz
|
Kőzetnevek kettős értelmezése a nyugati és az egykori szovjet, mai orosz-ukrán geológiai szakirodalomban, terminológiai javaslatok / Double interpretation of rock names in the western geological terminology compared to the former Soviet and current Russian-Ukrainian practice; terminological suggestions | 2010 | Archeometriai Műhely 7(3), pp. 203-208 |
article | URL | |
| Abstract: This paper summarises siliceous rock terminology practice currently in use for the Transcarpathian Regions of Ukraine (=Kárpátalja). It is published in full text bilingual form for AM. |
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BibTeX:
@article{Racz2010_3b,
author = {Rácz, Béla},
title = {Kőzetnevek kettős értelmezése a nyugati és az egykori szovjet, mai orosz-ukrán geológiai szakirodalomban, terminológiai javaslatok / Double interpretation of rock names in the western geological terminology compared to the former Soviet and current Russian-Ukrainian practice; terminological suggestions},
journal = {Archeometriai Műhely},
year = {2010},
volume = {7},
number = {3},
pages = {203-208},
url = {http://www.ace.hu/am/2010_3/AM-10-03-RBhu.pdf}
}
|
||||||
Rácz
|
Pattintott kőeszköz-nyersanyagok felhasználásának előzetes eredményei a paleolitikumban a mai Kárpátalja területén / Preliminary results of the survey of lithic resources in Transcarpathia, Ukraine | 2008 | Archeometriai Műhely 5(2), pp. 47-54 |
article | URL | |
| Abstract: Transcarpathia has got a lot of paleolithic sites. The raw material of the stone tools from these sites are very varied. The toolmaker masters had used more often the local raw material, for example opalits, obsidian, andesite and quartzite (siliceous sandstone). The territory of Transcarpathia can be devided into four regions according to the raw material. Thanks to the hitherto investigations it succeed to identify the potential geological locality of some type of raw material. Among the further tasks it can be mention more field-work, detailed microscopial and chemical researches. |
||||||
BibTeX:
@article{Racz2008,
author = {Rácz, Béla},
title = {Pattintott kőeszköz-nyersanyagok felhasználásának előzetes eredményei a paleolitikumban a mai Kárpátalja területén / Preliminary results of the survey of lithic resources in Transcarpathia, Ukraine},
journal = {Archeometriai Műhely},
year = {2008},
volume = {5},
number = {2},
pages = {47-54},
url = {http://www.ace.hu/am/2008_2/AM-08-02-RB.pdf}
}
|
||||||
Salimbeni
|
Laser Technologies in Cultural Heritage Conservation | 2006 | Archeometriai Műhely 3(1), pp. 34-40 |
article | URL | |
| Abstract: The potential of laser techniques in conservation has needed a long development period to be fully demonstrated. The possibility to achieve a very precise and selective removal of deteriorated materials was implemented through a series of interdisciplinary studies focussed on laser ablation of specific materials. A suitable choice of the laser types and of the operating parameters could optimise the cleaning results, avoiding side effects while preserving the historical layers behind deposits and encrustation. An extensive validation carried out on a number of renowned masterpieces has definitely spread the interest of the conservation community for laser techniques in many European countries. The paper reviews the development of specific laser cleaning techniques for stone, metals, pigments and organic substances, which require different choices of laser wavelength and pulse width. |
||||||
BibTeX:
@article{Salimbeni2006,
author = {Salimbeni, Renzo},
title = {Laser Technologies in Cultural Heritage Conservation},
journal = {Archeometriai Műhely},
year = {2006},
volume = {3},
number = {1},
pages = {34-40},
url = {http://www.ace.hu/am/2006_1/AM-2006-1-RS.pdf}
}
|
||||||
Simonyi
|
Sötét idők falvai - 8-11. századi települések a Kárpát-medencében (Konferenciabeszámoló) [BibTeX] |
2006 | Archeometriai Műhely 3(2), pp. 38-39 |
article | URL | |
BibTeX:
@article{Simonyi2006,
author = {Simonyi, Erika},
title = {Sötét idők falvai - 8-11. századi települések a Kárpát-medencében (Konferenciabeszámoló)},
journal = {Archeometriai Műhely},
year = {2006},
volume = {3},
number = {2},
pages = {38-39},
url = {http://www.ace.hu/am/2006_2/AM-2006-2-kozl.pdf}
}
|
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Sipos et al.
|
Mintagyűjtés, minta-előkészítés, mintaveszteség TL kormeghatározás során / Sampling, sample treatment and sample loss during TL dating | 2010 | Archeometriai Műhely 7(2), pp. 131-136 |
article | URL | |
| Abstract: Concerning archaeometrical research sampling has always been a hot issue in the relationship of the owner or the person who is in charge of the studied object and the archaeometrical expert. This is also true of course in the case of luminescence dating, which usually requires sample extraction by drilling from the studied object. As a consequence it is considered to be important to inform the archaeological and restorer community on the necessary amount of sample for performing a valuable analysis. This way the size of the expected damage can be determined, and thus future compromises between the two parties during the sampling procedure might be facilitated. In the present short communication therefore we outline the process of sampling and sample treatment, and based on our previous experience we attempt to determine the amount of sample loss during these. Based on the necessary amount of treated sample for the direct measurements and the calculated ratio of sample loss, we also determine the preferable or minimum amount of material that should be extracted during sampling. |
||||||
BibTeX:
@article{SiposETAL2010_2,
author = {Sipos, György and Kiss, Tímea and Páll, Dávid Gergely and Tóth, Orsolya and Schubert, Gábor and Tóth, Mária},
title = {Mintagyűjtés, minta-előkészítés, mintaveszteség TL kormeghatározás során / Sampling, sample treatment and sample loss during TL dating},
journal = {Archeometriai Műhely},
year = {2010},
volume = {7},
number = {2},
pages = {131-136},
url = {http://www.ace.hu/am/2010_2/AM-10-02-SGY.pdf}
}
|
||||||
Sipos and Papp
|
Terrakotta műalkotások eredetiségvizsgálata és kormeghatározása termolumineszcens módszerrel, Szépművészeti Múzeum, Budapest / Thermoluminescent authenticity testing and dating of terracotta artefacts, Museum of Fine Arts, Budapest | 2009 | Archeometriai Műhely 6(1), pp. 61-74 |
article | URL | |
| Abstract: The Collection of Old Sculptures, Museum of Fine Arts, Budapest owns a widely acknowledged selection of terracotta sculptures. In our research we investigated the age of 22 artefacts with the means of thermoluminescence. The main question was whether the studied sculptures are of Renaissance, Baroque or Modern age. Equivalent dose values were determined by using the Multiple Aliquot Additive Dose Protocol. Environmental dose rate was calculated on the basis of ?XRF and ICP-AES measurements and estimation of material parameters. As a consequence the error of the received ages was around 20%. However, modern copies could be filtered with great confidence, and in most of the cases thermoluminescence enabled the differentiation of Renaissance and Baroque artworks. |
||||||
BibTeX:
@article{Sipos2009,
author = {Sipos, György and Papp, Szilárd},
title = {Terrakotta műalkotások eredetiségvizsgálata és kormeghatározása termolumineszcens módszerrel, Szépművészeti Múzeum, Budapest / Thermoluminescent authenticity testing and dating of terracotta artefacts, Museum of Fine Arts, Budapest},
journal = {Archeometriai Műhely},
year = {2009},
volume = {6},
number = {1},
pages = {61-74},
url = {http://www.ace.hu/am/2009_1/AM-09-01-SGY.PDF}
}
|
||||||
Solt et al.
|
Telkibánya környéki bányakutatások / Investigation of historical mines around Telkibánya | 2007 | Archeometriai Műhely 4(1), pp. 77-87 |
article | URL | |
| Abstract: The Telkibánya area belongs to the Eperjes-Tokaj-Szalánc Mountains Miocene volcanic complex zone. Volcanism with caldera structures from Badenian up to Sarmatian produced dacite, andesite, rhyolite, perlite and basalt. Polymetallic ore with Au-Ag mineralization connected to K-metasomatic events and breccia dykes, post volcanic hydrothermal activity forming limnoquartzite and kaoline. Kaoline for pottery, red and black clays for pigments and dyestuff, quartz, minerals for jewels, obsidian pebbles, different silica occurrences (hydroquartzite, limnoquartzite, opal etc.) for stone-tools attracted and effected the interest of ancient cultures in the area. Since the 10th century intensive gold and silver mining activity is well documented in the area. After a period of surface prospecting (pits and ditches) soon complex system of shafts together with cracking-, milling-, pulverising- and smelting of noble-metal industry were developed, and Telkibánya became from the early 14th century a royal mining town. In the 15th century after a tragic crumbling and mine disaster - connected to a heavy earthquake - for about a couple of years all the works stopped here. The last documented silver product was 7062 kg in 1881. Prospection continued in the middle and at the end of the 20th century. Fieldwork and excavations revealed more than thousand pits and over 80 shafts. Lots of ruins (miner's houses, mills, shafts, pits, etc.) are waiting for systematic scientific excavations, some of them deserve preservation and reconstruction because of their geological-, archaeological-, mining-historical- and industrial importance and interest for study, education and tourism. |
||||||
BibTeX:
@article{SoltETAL2007,
author = {Solt, Péter and Don, György and Fegyvári, Tamás},
title = {Telkibánya környéki bányakutatások / Investigation of historical mines around Telkibánya},
journal = {Archeometriai Műhely},
year = {2007},
volume = {4},
number = {1},
pages = {77-87},
url = {http://www.ace.hu/am/2007_1/AM-2007-01-SP.pdf}
}
|
||||||
Stepanchuk and Petrougne
|
Raw Materials as a Source for Tracing Migration: the case of UP Assemblages of Mira in Middle Dnieper Area | 2005 | Archeometriai Műhely 2(4), pp. 38-45 |
article | URL | |
| Abstract: The report presents the first results of the investigation of the composition of rocks used at the new EUP open-air site of Mira in the Middle Dnieper area, Eastern Europe, Ukraine. The petrographic study of ca. 300 samples of flint and stone artifacts coming from layers I and II/2 was made with a polarizing microscope. The quantitatively predominant flints (subunits Ia1-3 and, probably, Ia4) of the uppermost archaic UP layer of the site (Mira: I) had Eastern Carpathian origins and were seemingly collected somewhere on the territory of modern Romania. Lithics of subunits Ia-b and Ib are quantitatively less significant, but their peculiarities allow to define their exact origins in the area of modern Kosteshti town in the Prut valley (subunit Ia-b(A)); area of modern Soroki town in the Dniester valley (subunit Ia-b(B)); area of River Bakshala mouth in the Southern Bug valley (subunit Ia-b(V)); the Ingulets valley (subunit Ia-b(G-1)); area of modern towns of Nikopol and Marganets in the Lower Dnieper valley (unit Ib). The paragenetic association of zeolitised tuffs (subunit IIIa), actinolitites (subunit VIIa), amphibolites (subunit VIIb), and effusives (unit IV) from Mira: I assemblage points to Carpathian origins of certain exotic varieties of non-siliceous rocks. The sandstone of subunit IIa, the quartz milonite-ultramilonite of subunit VIa, migmatite or gneiss (unit VIII), and probably quartz-diabase (unit V) have local origins. The flint raw material of the lower occupation Mira: II/2 (subunit Ia5) provides grounds to regard it as western, at least Volhynian type. The typomorphic peculiarities of flints and non-siliceous rocks allow a rather precise tracing of a West-to-East movement of the occupants of Mira: I. The migration started somewhere on the territory of modern Romania and passed almost in a longitudinal direction through the valleys of Rivers Prut, Dniester, South Bug, Ingulets, and, finally, stopped at the Dnieper. The quantitative prevalence of the most remote raw materials points to the notion of a comparatively rapid movement from the Carpathians to the Dnieper. |
||||||
BibTeX:
@article{Stepanchuk2005,
author = {Stepanchuk, Vadim and Petrougne, Victor},
title = {Raw Materials as a Source for Tracing Migration: the case of UP Assemblages of Mira in Middle Dnieper Area},
journal = {Archeometriai Műhely},
year = {2005},
volume = {2},
number = {4},
pages = {38-45},
url = {http://www.ace.hu/am/2005_4/AM-2005-4-STEP.pdf}
}
|
||||||
Szabó
|
Az archaeometallurgai kutatások gyakorlati és etikai kérdései / Practical and ethical issues of archaeometallurgic research | 2010 | Archeometriai Műhely 7(2), pp. 111-122 |
article | URL | |
| Abstract: Archaeology has made use of the opportunities provided by science and technical research to solve historical problems since the first third of the 19th century. Today, the rapidly growing amount of data and the variety of opportunities for testing archaeological samples has increased the proportion and significance of specialized interdisciplinary research more strongly than ever before. In parallel with the emergence of technical opportunities, besides the many tasks, there is an increased responsibility incumbent on the researchers. The followings are going to review the path made by archaeometric research so far and practical and ethical issues considered to be the most important in the present situation from the perspective of an archaeologist examining archaeological metal founds in the daily practice. During archaeometallurgic research, four basic problems have emerged, requiring attention and possibly urgent solution, of which the first two are more professional, while the other two are more methodical, ethical issues: ? Over the past decades through the development of new technical tools, methods of measurement are not consistent with the measured results of previous research data; (Fig. 1) ? Even in today's modern circumstances, there is a clear difference in data obtained by the same devices in different labs; (Fig. 2) ? there are some studies, which appear to stand only for themselves, where no philosophy can be found in the background, but the measurements are simply desultory, or at least not perfectly designed; ? Experiments and results of the tests can in many cases not be tracked, and in this way, these are not available for scientific research, or only in a limited form. Raising these fundamental issues are particularly important because better designed experiments create an opportunity for a more efficient operation even under tight financial conditions, and on the other hand, because it is considered to be a primary objective to avoid unnecessary moving, possibly destroying ancient artifacts. It would be greatly aided by a wide-spread practice, that a single sample would be taken for subsequent examination from each metal find even before the restoration, from where it causes the smallest damage, but gives a good representation of the object, and is suitable for the testing of material structure and composition. This would possibly avoid further damage resulting from investigation the artworks. A similar register as already available for archaeological finds, would make it possible to lend these samples, further facilitating accessibility for the scientific community. Until this optimal situation is reached, however, it should be regarded as essential to revert the results of measurement to the institute preserving the objects, and data are added to the register. Review of the results of previous research clarifies, that data measured by different processes can only be compared with criticism. While designing new experiments, it is a professional and ethical responsibility to take into account the metallographic regularities of the raw material and method of preparation of the concrete object. It would be advisable to develop a uniform sampling protocol, a global register of samples and experimental results, and determining the scope of finds requiring archaeometallurgic examination. |
||||||
BibTeX:
@article{Szabo2010_2,
author = {Szabó, Géza},
title = {Az archaeometallurgai kutatások gyakorlati és etikai kérdései / Practical and ethical issues of archaeometallurgic research},
journal = {Archeometriai Műhely},
year = {2010},
volume = {7},
number = {2},
pages = {111-122},
url = {http://www.ace.hu/am/2010_2/AM-10-02-SZG.pdf}
}
|
||||||
Szakmány
|
Magyarországi csiszolt kőeszközök nyersanyagtípusai az eddigi archeometriai kutatások eredményei alapján / Types of polished stone tool raw materials in Hungary | 2009 | Archeometriai Műhely 6(1), pp. 11-30 |
article | URL | |
| Abstract: In Hungary, a systematic archaeometric approach for the sourcing of the raw materials of the prehistoric polished stone tools was initiated only recently. Polished and ground stone implements are quite common artefacts from the early Neolithic until the Copper Age, however scientific analyses were applied on them only during the last 15 years. Since then, about 2000 polished stone tools from several Hungarian archaeological sites of different ages have been investigated. The methods employed are partly invasive (petrographic thinsectioning, XRD). Recently the main effort is directed towards developing a non-destructive protocol (PGAA, MS). The results revealed that the most common raw materials employed for the polished stone tools in Hungary are the following: greenschist-metabasite varieties from different localities, among which are the Bohemian Massif or Felsőcsatár, basalt of Plio-Pleistocene age from the Little Hungarian Plain, the Balaton-Highland and the Karancs-Medves territory; moreover Lower Cretaceous basalt from Mecsek Mts., dolerite-metadoleritemetamicrogabbro from Szarvaskő, and, probably, from the Maros-valley or the Vardar Zone, alkaline doleritetephrite- phonolite from the Mecsek Mts.; the provenance of hornfels, whose outcrop is still unknown, might be searched in the Eastern-South-eastern zone of the Carpathian Basin; serpentinite originates from the Penninic Unit of Eastern Alps and, probably, the Gogolów-Jordanów Mts.; the source of nephrite are probably the Gogolów-Jordanów Mts., whilst blueschist can be found on the territory of SE-Slovakia. In addition, the analyses revealed that several other polished stone tools are made from rarer raw material types, e.g.: metagabbro, amphibolite, andesite and other intermediary-acidic volcanic-metavolcanic and dyke-rocks, ultrabasic rocks, HP metamorphites (jadeitite, eclogite), 'white stone', limestone, marl, sandstone, siltstone. The results showed that these rocks clearly indicate three main geological areas of provenance, which can be useful, from an archaeological point of view, to reveal precise directions of cultural interactions occurred in the territory of Hungary during the prehistoric period: (1) the Transdanubian region, (2) the Northern-Northeastern region and (3) Trans-Tisza region. |
||||||
BibTeX:
@article{Szakmany2009,
author = {Szakmány, György},
title = {Magyarországi csiszolt kőeszközök nyersanyagtípusai az eddigi archeometriai kutatások eredményei alapján / Types of polished stone tool raw materials in Hungary},
journal = {Archeometriai Műhely},
year = {2009},
volume = {6},
number = {1},
pages = {11-30},
url = {http://www.ace.hu/am/2009_1/AM-09-01-SZGY.PDF}
}
|
||||||
Szakmány and Bajnóczi
|
Beszámoló a Magyar Tudomány Ünnepe eseményeiről / MTA X. Osztály: Archeometriai Munkabizottság alakult [BibTeX] |
2008 | Archeometriai Műhely 5(2), pp. 69 |
article | URL | |
BibTeX:
@article{SzakmanyBajnoczi2008,
author = {Szakmány, György and Bajnóczi, Bernadett},
title = {Beszámoló a Magyar Tudomány Ünnepe eseményeiről / MTA X. Osztály: Archeometriai Munkabizottság alakult},
journal = {Archeometriai Műhely},
year = {2008},
volume = {5},
number = {2},
pages = {69},
url = {http://www.ace.hu/am/2008_2/AM-08-02-kozl.pdf}
}
|
||||||
Szakmány et al.
|
Kora neolitikus kerámia készítés Magyarországon: a Körös és a Starc^evo kultúra kerámiáinak összehasonlító archeometriai vizsgálata | 2004 | Archeometriai Műhely 1(1), pp. 28-31 |
article | URL | |
| Abstract: This paper summarizes the archaeological context, objectives, methods and the preliminary results of an archaeometrical research project that started some years ago in order to characterize the oldest pottery production of Hungary from Early Neolithic sites of the Körös-Starčevo Culture (dated to the first half and middle of the VI millennium cal BC in a comparative study. To reach this goal, different scientific techniques - including petrography, X-Ray Fluorescence analysis (XRF), X-Ray diffraction analysis (XRD), SEM and electron-microprobe analysis - were used. Starevo culture represents the north-westernmost aspect of the large Early Neolithic archaeological complex of the Balcans, which comprises towards the north-east the Körös culture and furthermore eastward, the Criş culture. In Hungary the Körös culture spreads in the Great Hungarian Plain, while Starčevo occupies the southern part of Transdanubia, reaching its northernmost borders at lake Balaton (Kalicz et al., 1998). These cultures show strong similarities in their material culture. The characteristic pottery of the period is homogenous in form and macroscopic features over a wide area, suggesting a high degree of cultural contacts and transmission of technological skills. Representative pottery samples were studied from five different Neolithic settlements of the Körös Culture and compared to those coming from one Starčevo Culture site, namely Vörs. Moreover other fired clay artefacts of the Körös Culture (net weights, plaster) were also studied. Both Körös and Starčevo pottery products have a fine-grained, dominantly serial fabric, with a porous texture, containing vegetal tempering material, probably chaff. In some samples rounded, pebble-like, almost opaque inclusions can also be found. Petrography of ceramics and geochemistry of nodules suggest that argillaceous silt or silty clay was used as raw material for manufacturing pottery. Macroscopically, all the potsherds have a "sandwich-like" structure (black core and brownish red margin). Compositional differences between the core and the margins show that ceramics were fired at low temperature (maximum 700-750 °C) with short soaking times and high heating rate. Data available so far seem to confirm the great homogeneity - already noticed at stylistic level - of the ceramic production of the Early Neolithic in Hungary. Probably local clay sources were exploited for pottery production throughout a long period, most probably indicating cultural transmission within groups belonging to a traditionally structured, technologically stable society. This research is conducted in the framework of the Hungarian-Italian Intergovernmental Science&Technology Co-operation Program 2004-2007, Project "Archaeometry of the first ceramic pirotechnology in the Carpathian Basin". |
||||||
BibTeX:
@article{SzakmanyETAL2004,
author = {Szakmány, György and Gherdán, Katalin and Elisabetta Starnini},
title = {Kora neolitikus kerámia készítés Magyarországon: a Körös és a Starc^evo kultúra kerámiáinak összehasonlító archeometriai vizsgálata},
journal = {Archeometriai Műhely},
year = {2004},
volume = {1},
number = {1},
pages = {28-31},
url = {http://www.ace.hu/am/2004_1/AM-2004-SZGY.pdf}
}
|
||||||
Szakmány and Nagy
|
Balatonlelle - Felső-Gamász lelőhelyről előkerült késő rézkori vörös homokkő őrlőkövek petrográfiai vizsgálatának eredményei / Results of petrographical analysis of red sandstone grinders from the Late Copper Age site Balatonlelle - Felső-Gamász | 2005 | Archeometriai Műhely 2(3), pp. 13-21 |
article | URL | |
| Abstract: The authors studied petrographic aspects of Late Copper Age grinding stones from the Balatonlelle?Felső-Gamász locality. The raw material of the studied grinding stones is red-grayish, red or white, fine to coarse grained sandstone and sandstone pebbles. All samples are litharenite and have similar clast composition; they consist predominantly of monocrystalline quartz of volcanic origin as well as acidic recrystallized or felsitic volcanite and rarer pyroclastite clasts. There are some polyquartz, mica (muscovite and baueritized-chloritized biotite), opaque minerals, low-grade metamorphites (metasediments) and subordinately strongly altered feldspars, zircon, rutile, tourmaline moreover granitoide clasts in the sandstones. The clasts are cemented with small amount of silica, clay, hematite and locally chlorite. The quantitative and qualitative distribution of clasts of the sandstones suggest that the raw material of studied grinding stones originated from coarse-medium grained sandstone beds of the Balatonfelvidék Sandstone Formation occurring on the surface in the Balaton Highland. | ||||||
BibTeX:
@article{SzakmanyNagy2005,
author = {Szakmány, György and Nagy, Borbála},
title = {Balatonlelle - Felső-Gamász lelőhelyről előkerült késő rézkori vörös homokkő őrlőkövek petrográfiai vizsgálatának eredményei / Results of petrographical analysis of red sandstone grinders from the Late Copper Age site Balatonlelle - Felső-Gamász},
journal = {Archeometriai Műhely},
year = {2005},
volume = {2},
number = {3},
pages = {13-21},
url = {http://www.ace.hu/am/2005_3/AM-2005-3-SZGY.pdf}
}
|
||||||
Szakmány and Nagy-Szabó
|
Zalalövőről származó római kori malomkövek archeometriai vizsgálati eredményei / Results of archaeometrical analysis of Roman millstones from Zalalövő | 2011 | Archeometriai Műhely 8(1), pp. 85-98 |
article | URL | |
| Abstract: 109 pieces of Roman age millstones from Zalalövő (Roman name is Salla) were studied archaeometrically. Authors made detailed macroscopic and polarising microscopic description moreover representative samples were chemically analysed. The most important raw materials of the millstones are vesicular basalt, originated highly probably from Ság-hegy (near Celldömölk). Other important raw materials were potassic volcanic rock types, andesite-trachiandesite-latite, these raw materials originated from Gleichenberg (Steyr-basin, Austria). The origin of the raw materials of rarely occurred basaltic tuff is questionable. The archaeometric results have high importance in archaeological point of view, namely these raw materials were imported from quite close geological localities, which show local commercial procedures as regards millstones. Possibly the millstones were finally formed in the quarries, and the ready millstones were delivered to the town, but there are no archaeological proofs for this due to the later intensive quarrying of the raw materials. |
||||||
BibTeX:
@article{Szakmany2011_1,
author = {Szakmány, György and Nagy-Szabó, Tibor},
title = {Zalalövőről származó római kori malomkövek archeometriai vizsgálati eredményei / Results of archaeometrical analysis of Roman millstones from Zalalövő},
journal = {Archeometriai Műhely},
year = {2011},
volume = {8},
number = {1},
pages = {85-98},
url = {http://www.ace.hu/am/2011_1/AM-11-01-SZGY.pdf}
}
|
||||||
Szakmány and Starnini
|
Archaeometric research on the first pottery production in the Carpathian Basin: manufacturing traditions of the Early Neolithic, Körös Culture ceramics | 2007 | Archeometriai Műhely 4(2), pp. 05-20 |
article | URL | |
| Abstract: The paper presents the results of an archaeometric study on the first pottery production of the earliest farmers of the Carpathian Basin. The ceramic samples belong to the Early Neolithic Körös Culture, radiocarbon dated to the beginning of the 7th millennium uncal. BP. The samples comprise both sherds and soils, as potential raw materials, which were collected from surroundings of the Neolithic sites from various geological deposits. In addition, some samples from later Neolithic phases were analysed in order to study possible technological changes trough time. This research represents the very first archaeometric study for the Körös Culture in Hungary. The methods of investigation include a petrographic study of thin sections under a polarising microscope, combined with mineralogical (XRD), geochemical (XRF, NAA) and SEM-EDS analyses. This paper will present and discuss mainly the results of petrographic analysis of clayey sediments and pottery, which allowed us to establish that Early Neolithic potters exploited local clay deposits of the Körös river, with the addition of vegetal temper. Among the possible raw materials, only those with no or very little primary carbonates were selected for pottery production. The ceramic fabrics of the various sites are very similar. Well-defined groups cannot be distinguished, but sherds belong to the same fabric group, which could be subdivided into four subgroups on the basis of minor textural differences. Finally, some ceramic samples of the Linear Pottery Culture from the same area are compared to those of the Körös Culture, which show technological changes in the pottery production through time. |
||||||
BibTeX:
@article{SzakmanyStarnini2007,
author = {Szakmány, Gy. and Starnini, E.},
title = {Archaeometric research on the first pottery production in the Carpathian Basin: manufacturing traditions of the Early Neolithic, Körös Culture ceramics},
journal = {Archeometriai Műhely},
year = {2007},
volume = {4},
number = {2},
pages = {05-20},
url = {http://www.ace.hu/am/2007_2/AM-2007-02-SZGY.pdf}
}
|
||||||
Szakmány et al.
|
Gorzsa késő neolit tell településről előkerült kőeszközök archeometriai vizsgálatának előzetes eredményei (Tisza kultúra, DK Magyarország) / Investigating trade and exchange patterns in Prehistory - Gorzsa | 2008 | Archeometriai Műhely 5(3), pp. 13-26 |
article | URL | |
| Abstract: A multidisciplinary study of the stone tool assemblage from the Late Neolithic, tell settlement of Hódmezővásárhely-Gorzsa (Tisza Culture) is in progress, involving traditional typological classification of instruments combined with functional analyses and archaeometric analyses for the study of raw material provenance. The site lies at the confluence of the Tisza and Maros rivers in the Great Hungarian Plain, where stone resources are not directly available and had to be acquired from distant areas. In terms of absolute chronology, 14C calibrated dates place the occupation of the tell roughly between 4970-4380 Cal BC. During several seasons of excavations, conducted from 1978 to 1996, ca 1,000 square meters of the tell settlement were investigated and about 820 stone artefacts were collected. This paper is provide a preliminary report on the archaeometric analyses of the polished and ground stone assemblage from this tell-site. Raw material determination was conducted starting with macroscopic and petrographic microscopic studies in thin section, together with magnetic susceptibility measurements. The dominant raw material types of the polished, cutting edged stone tools are hornfels, basalt, basic intrusive and dyke rocks (dolerite-metadolerite-metamicrogabbro), moreover several other rock types were used subordinately. Among the grinding stones and abrasive implements, the most important raw materials are different types of sandstones, andesite, granitoide-metagranitoide, mica rich metasedimentary rocks, quartzite and limestone. Studies of ceramics and chipped stone tools have shown that the tell Gorzsa had extensive cultural and economic relationships with neighbouring sites and archaeological cultures. Provenance studies of the rocks employed for the stone assemblage suggest similar results, enlarging the range of possible cultural connections. |
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BibTeX:
@article{SzakmanyETAL2008,
author = {Szakmány, Gy. and Starnini, E. and Horváth, F. and Bradák, B.},
title = {Gorzsa késő neolit tell településről előkerült kőeszközök archeometriai vizsgálatának előzetes eredményei (Tisza kultúra, DK Magyarország) / Investigating trade and exchange patterns in Prehistory - Gorzsa},
journal = {Archeometriai Műhely},
year = {2008},
volume = {5},
number = {3},
pages = {13-26},
url = {http://www.ace.hu/am/2008_3/AM-08-03-SZGY.pdf}
}
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Szappanos
|
Egy mocsaras terület holocén fejlődéstörténete Alsópáhok mellett malakológiai vizsgálatok alapján / Development of a marshland area in the Holocene based on the malacological examinations near Alsópáhok | 2011 | Archeometriai Műhely 8(2), pp. 163-174 |
article | URL | |
| Abstract: Finds from the Chalcolitic, Roman and Migration Periods were turned up on the archaeological site of Alsópáhok-Hévízdomb II. The area which was examined by me was only the region where the population of Balaton-Lasinja-culture lived. It can be stated according to the collected malacological samples on the archaeological site that the area went through a wetting phase, which finally became a paludal environment. The calcareous plates precipitated on the stems and leaves of small plants which turned up after the elutriation and the significant proliferation of the species Oxyloma elegans represents the rich presence of phytocoenosis on the waterside. It is followed by a drier period, the frutescent phytocoenosis falls back, and a wet open meadow emerges. The Chalcolithic people could settle down close to this area. |
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BibTeX:
@article{Szappanos2011_2,
author = {Szappanos, Bálint},
title = {Egy mocsaras terület holocén fejlődéstörténete Alsópáhok mellett malakológiai vizsgálatok alapján / Development of a marshland area in the Holocene based on the malacological examinations near Alsópáhok},
journal = {Archeometriai Műhely},
year = {2011},
volume = {8},
number = {2},
pages = {163-174},
url = {http://www.ace.hu/am/2011_2/AM-11-02-SZB.pdf}
}
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Szekszárdi
|
A vizsgálati lehetőségek áttekintése a Tokaji-hegységi limnokvarciton és limnoopaliton, a pattintott kőeszközök eredetének azonositása céljából | 2005 | Archeometriai Műhely 2(4), pp. 56-71 |
article | URL | |
| Abstract: The Tokaj Mountain is an excellent place for collecting chipped stone tools due to rich local siliceous rock deposits. The rocks in question are limnoquartzite and limnoopalite. The occurrence of the above minerals is connected to a well-delineated area. Because of the excellent physical properties and easy reach, surface or near surface outcrops, they were a favourite raw material for Palaeolithic tool making. Limnoquartzites and limnoopalites are characteristic raw materials of the Tokaj Mountains. Deposition of these minerals (rocks) is connected to the Miocene intermediate and acidic volcanic and post-volcanic activity. Detailed mineralogical analysis of these silica rock types has already been started, but the archaeometric methods necessary for locating smaller depositional environments have not yet been found. Further future analyses are still needed in order to solve this problem. The subject of this paper is to define the possible methods for the classification of both the local silica rocks and the flint tools prepared from these materials according to the place of origin. | ||||||
BibTeX:
@article{Szekszardi2005,
author = {Szekszárdi, Adrienn},
title = {A vizsgálati lehetőségek áttekintése a Tokaji-hegységi limnokvarciton és limnoopaliton, a pattintott kőeszközök eredetének azonositása céljából},
journal = {Archeometriai Műhely},
year = {2005},
volume = {2},
number = {4},
pages = {56-71},
url = {http://www.ace.hu/am/2005_4/AM-2005-4-SZA.pdf}
}
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Szekszárdi et al.
|
Tokaji-hegységi limnokvarcit-limnoopalit nyersanyagok és pattintott kőeszközök archeometriai vizsgálata I..: földtani viszonyok, petrográfia / Archaeometric analysis on limnic quartzite? I. | 2010 | Archeometriai Műhely 7(1), pp. 1-18 |
article | URL | |
| Abstract: The Late-Badenian-Sarmatian siliceous sediments from limnic basins of the Tokaj Mountains were commonly used for chipped stone tools in prehistory. These sediments have perfect physical and mechanical properties for the purpose. Due to the richness of the outcrops, they were accessible to the inhabitants of the area. Studying these tools helps to understand the history of the culture in this region. For this purpose is necessary to describe the outcrops and identify the rock types (generally with petrographical analysis). The main goals of this study are comparing the limnic-quartzite, limnoopalite raw materials to chipped stone tools made from the same rock types, identifying the sources of the artefacts, extending the range of the technical methods and working out the methodology to identify the quarries of the stone tools made from limnic quartzite or limnoopalite. To approach these goals petrological, geochemical, mineralogical analysis of the artefacts and the raw materials were made and the results were compared. Macroscopic and microscopic descriptions were used as petrological analysis methods. XRF, NAA, PGAA were used as geochemical analysis and XRD, FTIR as mineralogical methods. There is a clear relationship between raw materials and artefacts studied, according to the results of this study. A quarry could be assigned for most of the artefacts. The knowledge about the sorting method of raw materials for the stone tools was extended. Evidence for the suggestion of sorting parameters (phase/rate of silification, chalcedony content, opaline content) were found. Petrographic and mineralogic methods were useful to identify the source of the stone tools and to extend the technologic knowledge. The geochemical methods should be successful for further exploration. |
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BibTeX:
@article{Szekszardi2010_1,
author = {Szekszárdi, Adrienn and Szakmány, György and T. Biró, Katalin},
title = {Tokaji-hegységi limnokvarcit-limnoopalit nyersanyagok és pattintott kőeszközök archeometriai vizsgálata I..: földtani viszonyok, petrográfia / Archaeometric analysis on limnic quartzite? I.},
journal = {Archeometriai Műhely},
year = {2010},
volume = {7},
number = {1},
pages = {1-18},
url = {http://www.ace.hu/am/2010_1/AM-10-01-SZA.pdf}
}
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Szilágyi
|
Beszámoló a 10th European Meeting on Ancient Ceramics (10-13 September 2009, London, UK) konferenciáról [BibTeX] |
2009 | Archeometriai Műhely 6(2), pp. 63-64 |
article | URL | |
BibTeX:
@article{Szilagyi2009,
author = {Szilágyi, Veronika},
title = {Beszámoló a 10th European Meeting on Ancient Ceramics (10-13 September 2009, London, UK) konferenciáról},
journal = {Archeometriai Műhely},
year = {2009},
volume = {6},
number = {2},
pages = {63-64},
url = {http://www.ace.hu/am/2009_2/AM-09-02-kozl.pdf}
}
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Szilágyi
|
Beszámoló a 37. Nemzetközi Archeometriai Szimpóziumról (37th International Symposium on Archaeometry, 12-16 May 2008, Siena, Italy) [BibTeX] |
2008 | Archeometriai Műhely 5(3), pp. 81-82 |
article | URL | |
BibTeX:
@article{Szilagyi2008,
author = {Szilágyi, Veronika},
title = {Beszámoló a 37. Nemzetközi Archeometriai Szimpóziumról (37th International Symposium on Archaeometry, 12-16 May 2008, Siena, Italy)},
journal = {Archeometriai Műhely},
year = {2008},
volume = {5},
number = {3},
pages = {81-82},
url = {http://www.ace.hu/am/2008_3/AM-08-03-kozl.pdf}
}
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Szilágyi
|
Könyvismertető - B. Fabbri - S. Gualtieri - F. Amato: Sulle orme dei primi ceramisti - On the traces of early potter [BibTeX] |
2007 | Archeometriai Műhely 4(3), pp. 61 |
article | URL | |
BibTeX:
@article{Szilagyi2007,
author = {Szilágyi, Veronika},
title = {Könyvismertető - B. Fabbri - S. Gualtieri - F. Amato: Sulle orme dei primi ceramisti - On the traces of early potter},
journal = {Archeometriai Műhely},
year = {2007},
volume = {4},
number = {3},
pages = {61},
url = {http://www.ace.hu/am/2007_3/AM-07-03-kozl.pdf}
}
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Szilágyi
|
Könyvismertetés - Az agyagművesség évezredei a Kárpát-medencében. Szerk. Holló Szilvia Andrea és Szulovszky János [BibTeX] |
2006 | Archeometriai Műhely 3(3), pp. 43-44 |
article | URL | |
BibTeX:
@article{Szilagyi2006,
author = {Szilágyi, Veronika},
title = {Könyvismertetés - Az agyagművesség évezredei a Kárpát-medencében. Szerk. Holló Szilvia Andrea és Szulovszky János},
journal = {Archeometriai Műhely},
year = {2006},
volume = {3},
number = {3},
pages = {43-44},
url = {http://www.ace.hu/am/2006_3/AM-2006-3-kozl.pdf}
}
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Szilágyi and Szakmány
|
Petrographic and geochemical study of ceramics of Neolithic settlements on the northern boundary of the Great Hungarian Plain - Tiszaszőlős-Domaháza (Körös Culture) and Füzesabony-Gubakút (ALP Culture, Szatmár Group) | 2007 | Archeometriai Műhely 4(3), pp. 31-46 |
article | URL | |
| Abstract: The investigations and results presented here were carried out in the framework of a DAAD-MÖB bilateral project. As a part of the complex aim of this project, a limited sample collection (containing ceramics, floor and daub) from two Neolithic archaeological sites, Tiszaszőlős-Domaháza and Füzesabony-Gubakút, was investigated. In addition to this archaeological sample group, geological samples (near surface clayey soils/sediments) were collected from the vicinity of the sites to find the most likely sources of raw materials for pottery making. Both ceramic and sediment samples were subjected to the same methodological research (microscopic petrographic and instrumental chemical investigations). In this way comparable data could be gained. One aim of our research was to make a comparison between the ceramic (and other clay derivative) finds of the two Neolithic sites (Tiszaszőlős-Domaháza is connected to the Körös, while Füzesabony-Gubakút to the Alföld Linear Pottery Culture). It became clear that ? despite the different cultures ? the two pottery assemblages show significant technological similarities to each other and to ceramic material from the Körös Culture. The other aim of our research was to identify the most probable sources of raw materials for pottery making and to characterise the pottery manufacturing process. The results show that Early Neolithic potters probably made their pots directly (without any washing or cleaning) from the local alluvial clayey sediment which they could collect from topographic depressions of the landscape in the vicinity of the sites. They added variable sized plant remnants to this paste as a temper. Then the hand fashioned vessels were fired at a relatively low (700?750°C) temperature in an atmospherically non-controlled firing place. A floor remnant from Tiszaszőlős-Domaháza was made of a more carbonatic raw material than the pots. On the one hand, our results can help to define the pottery traditions of these two Neolithic sites from an archaeological point of view. On the other hand, they can extend the presently sporadic raw data on archaeometrical ceramic investigations of this archaeological era. |
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BibTeX:
@article{SzilagyiSzakmany2007,
author = {Szilágyi, Veronika and Szakmány, György},
title = {Petrographic and geochemical study of ceramics of Neolithic settlements on the northern boundary of the Great Hungarian Plain - Tiszaszőlős-Domaháza (Körös Culture) and Füzesabony-Gubakút (ALP Culture, Szatmár Group)},
journal = {Archeometriai Műhely},
year = {2007},
volume = {4},
number = {3},
pages = {31-46},
url = {http://www.ace.hu/am/2007_3/AM-07-03-SZV.pdf}
}
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Szilágyi et al.
|
Inka kori kerámiák petrográfiai vizsgálatának előzetes eredményei (Paria, Bolívia) / Preliminary results of petrographic investigations of Inka pottery (Paria, Bolivia) | 2005 | Archeometriai Műhely 2(2), pp. 42-47 |
article | URL | |
| Abstract: As Inkas were one of the most important culture of South America before the Spanish colonisation it is a challenging task to investigate their ceramics. In spite of the lots of finds we have quite limited knowledge about their life. This especially holds true of archaeometrical examinations of the pottery. There are several facts – for example unified manufacturing, forming and decorating process of pottery – that suggest high level organisation of the Inka Empire ranging over 900 000 km2. The subject of our research is the archaeometrical-petrographical investigation of pot sherds excavated in a provincial centre of the Inka Empire (Paria), in recent Bolivia. Preliminary observations were carried out on the collection of sporadic surface ceramic finds. The gained results can furnish basic data to further systematic investigations of the excavated finds. The authors’ main goal is to identify the used raw materials and to characterise ceramic making technology (raw material preparation, firing). The basic method of pottery investigation is the microscopic petrographic observation. The result of this examination in general was that the Inka ceramics of Paria are well-fired ones (red in the whole cross-section) with hiatal fabric and medial porosity. Main grain size is diverse (50—1000 ?m) and fabric is often oriented. Classification of the sherds was based on the mineralogical composition of the non plastic inclusions. Three main groups could be distinguished. The first petrographic group of pottery is characterised by angular mineral fragments (quartz, feldspar, biotite) as non-plastics, rock fragments are rare. The second group contains dominantly clasts of variations of acidic-neutral volcanic-volcanoclastic rocks (isotropic glassy matrix with fine lath-shaped feldspar crysts, glass shards or pumiceous-glassy matrix with phenocrystals) and in addition the above mentioned mineral fragments. The non-plastics of the third petrographic group mainly consist of well rounded siltstone lithofragments and in minor quantity the same mineral clasts as the former groups. The inhomogeneous fabric of these pot sherds shows weak elaboration of the raw material. There is one pottery fragment in the collection not fitting into the above mentioned groups which contains foliated metamorphites as non-plastic inclusions. The three petrographic groups have a similar non-plastic composition in respect of volcanic mineral and/or rock fragments. This characteristic suggests that the raw material of these potteries could derive from different deposits of the same geological setting. Although the possibility of different origin can not be precluded. In contrast with the former groups the mentioned unique sherd represents a ceramic type with a metamorphic derived raw material and this feature unambigously distinguishes it from the other groups of pottery. In the light of this fact this sherd can be interpreted as a fragment of imported product. The further aim of our research is to carry out a complex mineralogical-petrographical-geochemical investigation of the ceramic collection and to compare the material of pottery with local sediments and volcanics. This work was supported by the National Research Found (OTKA) No. T-047048 to Gyarmati János. |
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BibTeX:
@article{SzilagyiETAL2005,
author = {Szilágyi, Veronika and Szakmány, György and Gyarmati, János},
title = {Inka kori kerámiák petrográfiai vizsgálatának előzetes eredményei (Paria, Bolívia) / Preliminary results of petrographic investigations of Inka pottery (Paria, Bolivia)},
journal = {Archeometriai Műhely},
year = {2005},
volume = {2},
number = {2},
pages = {42-47},
url = {http://www.ace.hu/am/2005_2/AM-2005-2-SZV.pdf}
}
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Szilágyi et al.
|
Előtanulmányok a lelőhely specifikus kerámia nyersanyag mintavételezés stratégiájának kidolgozásához a középső neolit Bükki kultúra finomkerámiájának archeometriai vizsgálata kapcsán / Prospecting for archaeological pottery provenance? | 2011 | Archeometriai Műhely 8(1), pp. 69-84 |
article | URL | |
| Abstract: Provenance investigation of archaeological pottery means determining the sources of natural or artificial mixture of raw materials, and requires tracking the steps of a complex manufacturing process. The basic step is to sample the possible raw materials and to compare them with the pottery. It is a fundamental task to develop an effective sampling strategy for ceramic raw materials according to the conditions of the different archaeological sites. This paper discusses the problems of geological fieldwork during the investigation of Middle Neolithic Bükk Culture (c. 5200-5000 B.C.) fine pottery in Hungary. Improving our knowledge on appropriate sampling strategy, this study showed two sites with similar geology and slightly different geomorphological position which gave different results. The variable influence of the local geology on the near-surface sediments may be the underlying reason. Therefore, provenance analysis of archaeological ceramics should be supported by proper petrological-mineralogical-geochemical and sedimentological databases, built on systematic sampling and investigation of local near-surface sediments. For Neolithic pottery in Hungary we are creating for this purpose the CeraMIS database as an initial set of information. Such a dataset can help to better understand the natural variability of the potential raw materials of a certain area and help to determine the local or non-local origin of pottery. |
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BibTeX:
@article{Szilagyi2011_1,
author = {Szilágyi, Veronika and Szakmány, György and T. Biró, Katalin and Heinrich Taubald and Tóth, Mária and Balázs, Réka and Viktoria Leno and Zöldföldi, Judit and Csengeri, Piroska},
title = {Előtanulmányok a lelőhely specifikus kerámia nyersanyag mintavételezés stratégiájának kidolgozásához a középső neolit Bükki kultúra finomkerámiájának archeometriai vizsgálata kapcsán / Prospecting for archaeological pottery provenance?},
journal = {Archeometriai Műhely},
year = {2011},
volume = {8},
number = {1},
pages = {69-84},
url = {http://www.ace.hu/am/2011_1/AM-11-01-SZV.pdf}
}
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Szilágyi et al.
|
Az edelényi, X. századi település kerámia lelet-együttesének archeometriai vizsgálata | 2004 | Archeometriai Műhely 1(1), pp. 34-39 |
article | URL | |
| Abstract: The earthwork of Borsod on the castle hill lies on the bank of river Bódva in the town of Edelény 30 km North of Miskolc, North-East Hungary. Excavations were going on here from 1987 to 1999. Archaeological research has proved that ramparts strengthened by a wooden structure, serving as walls of the fortress, were built at the end of the 10th, or at the beginning of the 11th century, at the time of the foundation of the Hungarian State. The fortress functioned as the county town of the newly formed Borsod County of the new state. There was a Hungarian village in the 10th century on the castle hill before the building of the earthwork. This settlement burnt down and eleven houses destroyed by the fire were found. Under the ruins a great variety of archaeological finds came to light among which pottery has an overriding importance. More than 100 complete pots, intact or deformed, were found. Up to now only pots coming from graves could give information on contemporary Hungarian pottery technology. It is now the first time that there is possibility for analysis of ceramics of a closed collection from that period. Besides typological and chronological classifications of the pottery assemblage archaeometrical examinations are also being carried out in order to gain information on pottery making technology and possibly on trade relations. We hope that our results will help to complete our present knowledge on pottery technology of the Hungarians of the 10 th century. 53 samples chosen from the pottery assemblage through macroscopic examinations were examined by petrographic (polarising) microscope and X-ray powder diffraction (XPD). The aim of the petrographic study was to classify ceramics on the basis of fabric and, where possible, to identify the origin of temper. Tempering material dominantly consists of quartz (monocrystalline quartz, policrystalline quartz, quartz with undulatory extinction) and feldspar (K-feldspar, plagioclase), and low grade metamorphic lithofragments. In addition to this, mica (muscovite), sedimentary (radiolarite, argillaceous rock fragments) and magmatic (extrusive rocks, felsitic quartz, fissure filling chalcedony) lithofragments were found in small quantities. Tourmaline, epidote, amphibole, pyroxene, biotite and opaque minerals appear as accessories. There are few ceramics that contain carbonate or carbonatized temper or that have got a black clay matrix related probably to a clay rich in organic matter. Most ceramics have got hiatal fabric with few exceptions of serial fabric. XPD was applied in order to identify clay matrix and new mineral phases produced by secondary refiring (conflagration). Clay matrix consists of mica (~10?) type mineral(s). Analysis of temper proved the microscopical observations (quartz and feldspar). To sum up, it can be stated that temper of ceramics is mostly polimict (metamorphic, magmatic and sedimentary), and a little part of it is monomict (granitoid magmatic). Such a varied composition of rock fragments suggests that the area of provenance was the gathering ground of river Bódva that have got a complex geology. It can be detected that some samples were exposed to a conflagration. |
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BibTeX:
@article{SzilagyiETAL2004,
author = {Szilágyi, Veronika and Szakmány, György and Wolf, Mária and Weiszburg, Tamás},
title = {Az edelényi, X. századi település kerámia lelet-együttesének archeometriai vizsgálata},
journal = {Archeometriai Műhely},
year = {2004},
volume = {1},
number = {1},
pages = {34-39},
url = {http://www.ace.hu/am/2004_1/AM-2004-SZV.pdf}
}
|
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Szilágyi et al.
|
Előzetes eredmények a bükki kultúra finomkerámiájának nyersanyag azonosítási és technológiai vizsgálatából / Bükk pottery - Master craftsmen of the Stone Age | 2008 | Archeometriai Műhely 5(3), pp. 27-40 |
article | URL | |
| Abstract: Prehistoric pottery used to serve mainly, almost exclusively, simple everyday needs. It is rarely transported beyond tribal/cultural boundaries over large distances. The fineware of artistic beauty and high craftsmanship of the Middle Neolithic Bükk culture could be an exception to that rule, since the known distribution of the Bükk culture fine pottery extends far over the territory occupied by the cultural group. Our investigations focused on some basic questions of fine Bükk pottery. The subjects of the research were ceramic finds and comparative raw material samples from some important sites of the Bükk culture (Aggtelek- Baradla cave, Borsod (Edelény)-Derékegyháza, Felsővadász-Várdomb and Sajószentpéter-Kövecses). Our aim was to find out whether special raw materials were selected and/or individual recipes were applied for the production of fine Bükk pottery, and if it is possible to fingerprint Bükk wares by archaeometrical methods, which will be of essential help in the study of Bükk 'exports', established by stylistic/archaeological methods. The framework of the archaeometrical study involved polarising microscopic petrographic observations, mineralogical characterisation by XRD method and instrumental geochemical investigation using XRF. Although the investigated sample collection was limited and covered only few sites, our research yielded the first archaeometrical data on high quality Bükk finewares. It became clear that the representative fine ceramic fragments can be clearly distinguished from both the coarser ware and some of the comparative local sediments. In addition, the complete fine-ware collection shows inhomogeneity (two quality types) concerning its raw material. The results of our complex petro-mineralogical and geochemical investigation provided basic knowledge for the further archaeometrical research of Bükk finewares. In addition, it is very probable that the determination of the provenance and the description of the making technology can be possible. |
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BibTeX:
@article{SzilagyiETAL2008,
author = {Szilágyi, V. and T. Biró, K. and Csengeri, P. and S. Koós, J. and Szakmány, Gy. and Tóth, M. and Taubald, H.},
title = {Előzetes eredmények a bükki kultúra finomkerámiájának nyersanyag azonosítási és technológiai vizsgálatából / Bükk pottery - Master craftsmen of the Stone Age},
journal = {Archeometriai Műhely},
year = {2008},
volume = {5},
number = {3},
pages = {27-40},
url = {http://www.ace.hu/am/2008_3/AM-08-03-SZV.pdf}
}
|
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Székely
|
A lassú víz és a part ? az Archeometriai Műhely a Scopus adatbázisában / AM in Scopus [BibTeX] |
2010 | Archeometriai Műhely 7(2), pp. 161-162 |
article | URL | |
BibTeX:
@article{Szekely2010_2,
author = {Székely, Balázs},
title = {A lassú víz és a part ? az Archeometriai Műhely a Scopus adatbázisában / AM in Scopus},
journal = {Archeometriai Műhely},
year = {2010},
volume = {7},
number = {2},
pages = {161-162},
url = {http://www.ace.hu/am/2010_2/AM-10-02-kozl.pdf}
}
|
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Székely
|
Két érdekes archeometriai szakmai találkozó Ausztriában / Two interesting archaeometry events in Austria [BibTeX] |
2009 | Archeometriai Műhely 6(4), pp. 72-73 |
article | URL | |
BibTeX:
@article{Szekely2009_4,
author = {Székely, Balázs},
title = {Két érdekes archeometriai szakmai találkozó Ausztriában / Two interesting archaeometry events in Austria},
journal = {Archeometriai Műhely},
year = {2009},
volume = {6},
number = {4},
pages = {72-73},
url = {http://www.ace.hu/am/2009_4/AM-09-04-kozl.pdf}
}
|
||||||
Székely
|
Ahol októberben mindnyájunknak ott kellene lennünk: Róma, Re.Se.A.R.C.H. Workshop [BibTeX] |
2008 | Archeometriai Műhely 5(1), pp. 73-74 |
article | URL | |
BibTeX:
@article{Szekely2008a,
author = {Székely, Balázs},
title = {Ahol októberben mindnyájunknak ott kellene lennünk: Róma, Re.Se.A.R.C.H. Workshop},
journal = {Archeometriai Műhely},
year = {2008},
volume = {5},
number = {1},
pages = {73-74},
url = {http://www.ace.hu/am/2008_1/AM-08-01-kozl.pdf}
}
|
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Székely
|
Archeometriai szekció az European Geosciences Union tavaszi bécsi konferenciáján [BibTeX] |
2008 | Archeometriai Műhely 5(2), pp. 70 |
article | URL | |
BibTeX:
@article{Szekely2008b,
author = {Székely, Balázs},
title = {Archeometriai szekció az European Geosciences Union tavaszi bécsi konferenciáján},
journal = {Archeometriai Műhely},
year = {2008},
volume = {5},
number = {2},
pages = {70},
url = {http://www.ace.hu/am/2008_2/AM-08-02-SZB-kozl.pdf}
}
|
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Székely et al.
|
Különböző leletfelderítési módszerek találkozása térben és időben Badacsonytomajon (Villa Rustica) / Encounter of various prospecting techniques in time and space; case study of Villa Rustica at Badacsonytomaj | 2006 | Archeometriai Műhely 3(3), pp. 31-40 |
article | URL | |
| Abstract: Most of the geophysical methods are well-suited to detect shallow archaeological objects. However, the signal can be muted by the noise caused by the anthropogeneous debris covering the objects. In our study area, in the outskirts of the town of Badacsonytomaj, the Roman archaeological site "Villa Rustica", recognised earlier, has been covered by a 2 m thick earth dump in the second half of the 20th century. In the uncovered part of the site ground penetrating radar (GPR) measurements revealed structures in the soil. More to the east, remnants, sometimes contours of buildings have been traced in the GPR images. The southern part of the area was not suitable for measurements because of the inhomogeneous dumps. According to our assumption, such features can also be traced on archive aerial photographs, taken for military mapping purposes, shot before the accumulation of dumps reveal archaeological features in the latter area, too. Commonly, the aerial photographs are evaluated visually to delineate indications of archaeological features. Our evaluation has been cross-checked by GPR measurements. The GPR results were not known to the observer during the visual evaluation. The evaluation results of several orthorectified aerial images were then integrated in GIS together with the indications of the GPR images. The position of remnants revealed by the GPR correlated strongly with the lineaments. One may expect that such lineaments indicate archaeological features in the non-measurable area, too. Consequently, this area is not suitable for commercial development because of the plausible presence of archaeological features. This combination of techniques may be useful at archaeological sites where parts of the area are not measurable, but archive aerial photographs exist predating the change in the land use. |
||||||
BibTeX:
@article{SzekelyETAL2006,
author = {Székely, Balázs and Molnár, Gábor and Pattantyús Á., Miklós},
title = {Különböző leletfelderítési módszerek találkozása térben és időben Badacsonytomajon (Villa Rustica) / Encounter of various prospecting techniques in time and space; case study of Villa Rustica at Badacsonytomaj},
journal = {Archeometriai Műhely},
year = {2006},
volume = {3},
number = {3},
pages = {31-40},
url = {http://www.ace.hu/am/2006_3/AM-2006-03-SZB.pdf}
}
|
||||||
Sánta and Uzonyi
|
A halomsíros kultúra néhány dél-alföldi bronztárgyának analitikai vizsgálata / Analytical Study of Late Bronze Age Metal objects. First steps and perspectives | 2007 | Archeometriai Műhely 4(3), pp. 19-30 |
article | URL | |
| Abstract: The main point of the complex cultural changes during the transition from Middle to Late Bronze Age was the appearance of Tumulus culture in the Danube-Tisza region. In this culture people buried the dead beneath burial mounds made from stone and soil. According to our present knowledge we believe that the ethnically inhomogeneous Tumulus culture was made homogenous by commerce (especially bronze commerce). The custom of hiding depots was typical of the final period of Middle Bronze Age called Koszider-phase. During the Tumulus period the practice of hiding depots came to its end, bronze objects were put into graves. It would be important to analyze the relation between the Koszider and Tumulus metallurgy. Were these commercial roots and exchange of goods discontinued during the time of cultural changes? We chose chiefly the microPIXE and SEM-EDX method for elemental analysis. Examined 6 Tumulus bronze objects came to light from two Bronze Age cemeteries of the Southern Great Plain. Created elemental distribution maps and determined average compositions. Our project is a long-term investigation including elemental analysis, mineralogical, archaeological and metallurgical researches. |
||||||
BibTeX:
@article{SantaUzonyi2007,
author = {Sánta, Gábor and Uzonyi, Imre},
title = {A halomsíros kultúra néhány dél-alföldi bronztárgyának analitikai vizsgálata / Analytical Study of Late Bronze Age Metal objects. First steps and perspectives},
journal = {Archeometriai Műhely},
year = {2007},
volume = {4},
number = {3},
pages = {19-30},
url = {http://www.ace.hu/am/2007_3/AM-07-03-SG.pdf}
}
|
||||||
Sánta
|
Nagyfelbontású repülési idő diffraktométer a Budapesti Neutron Kutatóközpontban / TOF powder diffractometer at the Budapest Neutron Center | 2006 | Archeometriai Műhely 3(2), pp. 22-26 |
article | URL | |
| Abstract: The TOF neutron diffractometer installed at the Budapest Research Reactor in collaboration with the Hahn- Meitner Institute is ready for preliminary measurements; it will become usable to its full capabilities only with the large-surface detector. The instrument with wide range of variable diffraction parameters and with the intense thermal neutron beam is capable to get full diffraction spectra as well as to study the Bragg peaks in high resolution mode, i.e. to identify crystalline (mineral and metal) materials and investigate the preparation mode of objects. |
||||||
BibTeX:
@article{Santa2006,
author = {Sánta, Zsombor},
title = {Nagyfelbontású repülési idő diffraktométer a Budapesti Neutron Kutatóközpontban / TOF powder diffractometer at the Budapest Neutron Center},
journal = {Archeometriai Műhely},
year = {2006},
volume = {3},
number = {2},
pages = {22-26},
url = {http://www.ace.hu/am/2006_2/AM-2006-2-SZS.pdf}
}
|
||||||
Sárközy
|
Megemlékezés Éri Istvánról / Commemoration: István Éri [BibTeX] |
2010 | Archeometriai Műhely 7(2), pp. 107-110 |
article | URL | |
BibTeX:
@article{Sarkozy2010_2,
author = {Sárközy, Gabriella},
title = {Megemlékezés Éri Istvánról / Commemoration: István Éri},
journal = {Archeometriai Műhely},
year = {2010},
volume = {7},
number = {2},
pages = {107-110},
url = {http://www.ace.hu/am/2010_2/AM-10-02-SG.pdf}
}
|
||||||
Sümegi
|
Archeomalakológiai vizsgálatok Magyarországon / Archaeomalacological research in Hungary | 2011 | Archeometriai Műhely 8(2), pp. 101-116 |
article | URL | |
| Abstract: This paper presents the history of the archaeomalacological researches in Hungary. In Hungary and, in fact, in the whole Carpathian Basin the first archeomalacological investigations were carried out by the royal geologist Heinrich Wolf (1867) in the 1860ies. Following this, further studies were made by Henrik Horusitzky (1870- 1944) and Tivadar Kormos (1881-1946) of the Department of Agrogeology, Royal Geological Institute, Budapest, followed by the inventories of Kálmán Czógler (1884-1952) from Szeged and Mihály Rotarides (1893- 1950). These experts processed materials from loess layers collected within the Carpathian Basin, as well as from the Holocene layers and mollusc specimens and remains found in archaeological sites, but these materials were all collected selectively. After Second World War the pioneers of modern Hungarian archaeomalacology such as Andor Horváth from 1954 and Endre Krolopp from 1958 onwards have processed materials from several archaeological sites. Even so the archaeomalacological studies of the archaeological sites have been started from only the 1980ies on the basis of the investigation of the followers of Professor Endre Krolopp. |
||||||
BibTeX:
@article{Sumegi2011_2a,
author = {Sümegi, Pál},
title = {Archeomalakológiai vizsgálatok Magyarországon / Archaeomalacological research in Hungary},
journal = {Archeometriai Műhely},
year = {2011},
volume = {8},
number = {2},
pages = {101-116},
url = {http://www.ace.hu/am/2011_2/AM-11-02-SP1.pdf}
}
|
||||||
Sümegi
|
Kis- balatoni és balatoni fúrások archeomalakológiai vizsgálatának eredményei / The results of the archaeomalacological investigaton of the core sequences from Balaton and Little Balaton basins | 2011 | Archeometriai Műhely 8(2), pp. 137-156 |
article | URL | |
| Abstract: Lake Balaton is the largest freshwater lake in Central Europe, with an open water surface of ca. 600 km2. It is 77 km long and 8 to 14 km wide, with an average depth of only 3 to 4 m. Between the Tihany Peninsula and the village of Szántód, Lake Balaton is at its most narrow, with a distance of only 1.5 km. The northernmost part of this strait, the so-called ?Tihany well? is the deepest part of the lacustrine basin with a depth of 11.6 metres. Some independent neotectonic catchment basins, one of them, the area of the Kis-Balaton, is located west of the basin system of Lake Balaton, the second one, the area of Szigliget bay can be found northern basin system of Lake Balaton. Historical data and maps show that, up until the beginning of the 19th century, this extensive swamp used to be part of a larger unregulated lake system of Lake Balaton. This paper presents the results of a multidisciplinary palaeoecological and geoarchaeological study implemented on sedimentary sequences, including three undisturbed cores, of Keszthely-Fenékpuszta, Balatonederics and Balatontördemic. The sites form a part of the so called Kis-Balaton, Szigliget bay, Tördemic bay and areas situated in the western and northern parts of the neotectonic basin system of Lake Balaton. One of the principal aims of this study was to shed light on how former human societies and cultures shaped and altered their natural environment based on archeomalacological data. Another aim was to reconstruct the original environmental conditions characterizing the area preceding the emergence of a productive economy. Although several environmental-historical studies about the past 17.000 cal BP years have been carried out in the wider surroundings of the sites, this paper mainly focuses on and around the time of settlements from Mesolithic age to the Early Middle Ages. |
||||||
BibTeX:
@article{Sumegi2011_2b,
author = {Sümegi, Pál},
title = {Kis- balatoni és balatoni fúrások archeomalakológiai vizsgálatának eredményei / The results of the archaeomalacological investigaton of the core sequences from Balaton and Little Balaton basins},
journal = {Archeometriai Műhely},
year = {2011},
volume = {8},
number = {2},
pages = {137-156},
url = {http://www.ace.hu/am/2011_2/AM-11-02-SP2.pdf}
}
|
||||||
Sümegi et al.
|
Tiszapolgár ? Kenderföld bronzkori tell kagylóanyagának táplálkozásbiológiai (paleozoológiai) feldolgozása / The feeding biological (paleozoological) investigation on shellfishing from Bronze Age tell at Tiszapolgár ? Kenderföld | 2011 | Archeometriai Műhely 8(2), pp. 197-208 |
article | URL | |
| Abstract: This paper presents a new feeding biological method for analysing prehistoric shellfishing material from Bronze Age tell at Tiszapolgár ? Kenderföld. These values are used for determining whether the mussels served as a main or only a supplementary food source. This information may also reveal the approximate number of individuals the total meat could have provided for on the basis of the nutrition content of the soft material. In order to determine the live weight of the animals, along with the weight of their soft material or meat, and the derivable energy content, the main biometric parameters of the shells (shell height, shell width, the index of flatness = H/W, weight of the shells) should be recorded. These parameters, where possible, were captured with the help of a caliper at an accuracy of 0.5 mm. The weight of the shells was recorded using laboratory scales. The size and shape variants were used as an input into further analyses. Kiss (1990) has carried out detailed morphometric and population ecological investigations on living Unionidae from River Tisza in Hungary and found a strong correlation between the width of the shells and the live weight as well as the weight of the soft material via regression analysis. Where we could gain a measurement of shell widths, the species-dependent empirical formulae of Kiss (1990) were used to calculate the living weight and the derived meat of our studied mussels. |
||||||
BibTeX:
@article{Sumegi2011_2c,
author = {Sümegi, Pál and Kozák, János and Tóth Csaba},
title = {Tiszapolgár ? Kenderföld bronzkori tell kagylóanyagának táplálkozásbiológiai (paleozoológiai) feldolgozása / The feeding biological (paleozoological) investigation on shellfishing from Bronze Age tell at Tiszapolgár ? Kenderföld},
journal = {Archeometriai Műhely},
year = {2011},
volume = {8},
number = {2},
pages = {197-208},
url = {http://www.ace.hu/am/2011_2/AM-11-02-SP3.pdf}
}
|
||||||
T. Biró
|
Két digitális konferenciakötet [BibTeX] |
2010 | Archeometriai Műhely 7(1), pp. 106 |
article | URL | |
BibTeX:
@article{Biro2010_1,
author = {T. Biró, Katalin},
title = {Két digitális konferenciakötet},
journal = {Archeometriai Műhely},
year = {2010},
volume = {7},
number = {1},
pages = {106},
url = {http://www.ace.hu/am/2010_1/AM-10-01-kozl.pdf}
}
|
||||||
T. Biró
|
Régi-új elektronikus kiadványok: IRTO/IRAMTO teljes szöveggel / Industrial Archaeology / Industrial Archaeology and Archaeometry Newsletter available in full text electronical version [BibTeX] |
2010 | Archeometriai Műhely 7(2), pp. 161 |
article | URL | |
BibTeX:
@article{Biro2010_2,
author = {T. Biró, Katalin},
title = {Régi-új elektronikus kiadványok: IRTO/IRAMTO teljes szöveggel / Industrial Archaeology / Industrial Archaeology and Archaeometry Newsletter available in full text electronical version},
journal = {Archeometriai Műhely},
year = {2010},
volume = {7},
number = {2},
pages = {161},
url = {http://www.ace.hu/am/2010_2/AM-10-02-kozl.pdf}
}
|
||||||
T. Biró
|
Terminological practice for siliceous rocks in Hungary from petroarchaeological point of view / Kovakőzetek terminológiája: magyarországi gyakorlat petroarcheológiai szempontból | 2010 | Archeometriai Műhely 7(3), pp. 195-202 |
article | URL | |
| Abstract: The terminology of siliceous rocks is an important issue for archaeometry, in the first place, petroarchaeology. It is imperative that scientific communications should use sound nomenclature with stable disciplinary background that are recognised and acknowledged by scholars of other disciplines and other countries as well. This paper aims at summarising the Hungarian practice on the basis of mapping geology, lithostratigraphic units and petroarchaeological practice. |
||||||
BibTeX:
@article{Biro2010_3,
author = {T. Biró, Katalin},
title = {Terminological practice for siliceous rocks in Hungary from petroarchaeological point of view / Kovakőzetek terminológiája: magyarországi gyakorlat petroarcheológiai szempontból},
journal = {Archeometriai Műhely},
year = {2010},
volume = {7},
number = {3},
pages = {195-202},
url = {http://www.ace.hu/am/2010_3/AM-10-03-TBK.pdf}
}
|
||||||
T. Biró
|
Geokémiai vizsgalati lehetőségek őskori kőeszközökön / Potentials of geochemical investigation of prehistoric stone tools | 2009 | Archeometriai Műhely 6(1), pp. 05-10 |
article | URL | |
| Abstract: Lithic implements are the most conspicuous finds of the earliest period of human history. The versatile potentials of their investigation - typology, technology, determination of provenance and the investigation of traces of use make them a primary source for the research. Archaeology in its classical sense as well as 'new archaeology', inclined to apply (natural) scientific methods in their argumentation both strive for exploiting this basis of information reflecting the skills, expertise, needs, action radius and system of connections of our ancestors. The choice of raw materials for the lithic implements reflect the high level of 'applied geological' expertise of these people. The selected raw materials are often rare and special rock and mineral types, the selection of which was most conscious. High quality requirements offer us the possibility to use provenance data in reconstructing supply areas and long distance trade. The cognisance of significant raw material types and their source areas formed an essential part of the basic knowledge of prehistoric peoples and should be accordingly known to students of this period. Provenance studies can be based upon a parallel and constantly widening study of both the archaeological material and the raw material sources. In this process, geochemical investigations have a key role. This paper will present some classical examples on the application of geochemical methods on stone tools, questions solved or still open. The aspects of the analysts and the archaeologists are often in conflict with each other and may have an element of the irrational as well: the investigations should be complete, exact, multielemental; at the same time, non-destructive and 'cheap', at least not expensive. Interpretation should be accurate and technical but also understandable for lay persons and it is regarded best when the support existing preconceptions. In the slimy zone of interdisciplinary activities it is very easy to make mistakes that will have a serious effect of the interpretation of the results. Obvious ways for the solution include rising the level of education, working together and publish results fast and accurately. |
||||||
BibTeX:
@article{Biro2009a,
author = {T. Biró, Katalin},
title = {Geokémiai vizsgalati lehetőségek őskori kőeszközökön / Potentials of geochemical investigation of prehistoric stone tools},
journal = {Archeometriai Műhely},
year = {2009},
volume = {6},
number = {1},
pages = {05-10},
url = {http://www.ace.hu/am/2009_1/AM-09-01-TBK.PDF}
}
|
||||||
T. Biró
|
Megjelent: EMAC'07 Budapest [BibTeX] |
2009 | Archeometriai Műhely 6(2), pp. 64 |
article | URL | |
BibTeX:
@article{Biro2009b,
author = {T. Biró, Katalin},
title = {Megjelent: EMAC'07 Budapest},
journal = {Archeometriai Műhely},
year = {2009},
volume = {6},
number = {2},
pages = {64},
url = {http://www.ace.hu/am/2009_2/AM-09-02-kozl.pdf}
}
|
||||||
T. Biró
|
Megjelent: Moreau, J-F. and Auger, R. and Chabot, J. and Herzog, A., eds. (2009): Proceedings ISA 2006 36th International Symposium on Archaeometry, 2-6 May Quebec City, Canada CELAT, Université Laval Québec pp.1-504 [BibTeX] |
2009 | Archeometriai Műhely 6(2), pp. 62 |
article | URL | |
BibTeX:
@article{Biro2009c,
author = {T. Biró, Katalin},
title = {Megjelent: Moreau, J-F. and Auger, R. and Chabot, J. and Herzog, A., eds. (2009): Proceedings ISA 2006 36th International Symposium on Archaeometry, 2-6 May Quebec City, Canada CELAT, Université Laval Québec pp.1-504},
journal = {Archeometriai Műhely},
year = {2009},
volume = {6},
number = {2},
pages = {62},
url = {http://www.ace.hu/am/2009_2/AM-09-02-kozl.pdf}
}
|
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T. Biró
|
"Black Box" meeting at Sárospatak. Editorial preface to AM 2008/1 | 2008 | Archeometriai Műhely 5(1), pp. 01-2 |
article | URL | |
| Abstract: In the framework of the Ancient Charm Project (Analysis by Neutron resonant Capture Imaging and other Emerging Neutron Techniques: new Cultural Heritage and Archaeological Research Methods, http://ancient-charm.neutroneu. net/ach), imaging potentials of non-destructive neutron analytical methods are evaluated for archaeological applications. Prior to working on real archaeological specimens, so-called 'black boxes' were constructed (and characterised) for tests of the various methods. This issue of Archaeometry Workshop is dedicated to the study of these experimental test objects on the basis of a workshop held in November 2007 at Sárospatak. |
||||||
BibTeX:
@article{Biro2008,
author = {T. Biró, Katalin},
title = {"Black Box" meeting at Sárospatak. Editorial preface to AM 2008/1},
journal = {Archeometriai Műhely},
year = {2008},
volume = {5},
number = {1},
pages = {01-2},
url = {http://www.ace.hu/am/2008_1/AM-08-01-TBK.pdf}
}
|
||||||
T. Biró
|
Vértes László és a nyersanyag kutatások / Vértes and raw material studies | 2008 | Archeometriai Műhely 5(2), pp. 17-22 |
article | URL | |
| Abstract: László Vértes had an encyclopaedical knowledge on natural history, especially earth sciences. Consequently, he could initiate and achieve important progress in the study of raw materials of prehistoric stone artefacts as well. He was perfectly aware of the significance of provenance studies in tracing prehistoric connections and structure of society. Together with several co-authors, he published a number of important sites with detailed description of the raw material used. Together with Lajos Tóth, performed and published the first instance of high-tech analysis with archaeometrical purposes, locating and fingerprinting a specific regional lithic raw material, Szeletian felsitic porphyry. |
||||||
BibTeX:
@article{Biro2008b,
author = {T. Biró, Katalin},
title = {Vértes László és a nyersanyag kutatások / Vértes and raw material studies},
journal = {Archeometriai Műhely},
year = {2008},
volume = {5},
number = {2},
pages = {17-22},
url = {http://www.ace.hu/am/2008_2/AM-08-02-TBK.pdf}
}
|
||||||
T. Biró
|
GENUS - Kretzoi Miklós és a múzeumi informatika / GENUS database - Miklós Kretzoi and museum informatics | 2007 | Archeometriai Műhely 4(1), pp. 55-58 |
article | URL | |
| Abstract: One of the many fields of interest pursued by Miklós Kretzoi is vertebrate taxonomy. He used to collect evidences on Mammalian species and genera since 1927. The tangible result of this activity is a monograph published in 2000 entitled Index generum et subgenerum Mammalium. In course of the work preceding the publication of the monograph the data set was organised into a database and made available on internet for three years as part of the contributions of the Hungarian National Museum to the database project of the NIIF (National Information Infrastructure Project), under the name of GENUS database. With major modifications in the HNM informatical system, the availability of the databases ceased. Following the publication of the monograph and in honour of Miklós Kretzoi, on the occasion of the 100th anniversary of his birth, we revitalised the database in another system at the server of the Archaeocomp association (www.ace.hu/GENUS). At the same time, some key statistical data were collected that were put forward by him but which he could not accomplish any more. |
||||||
BibTeX:
@article{Biro2007a,
author = {T. Biró, Katalin},
title = {GENUS - Kretzoi Miklós és a múzeumi informatika / GENUS database - Miklós Kretzoi and museum informatics},
journal = {Archeometriai Műhely},
year = {2007},
volume = {4},
number = {1},
pages = {55-58},
url = {http://www.ace.hu/am/2007_1/AM-2007-01-TBK.pdf}
}
|
||||||
T. Biró
|
Könyvismertető - Szakáll Sándor szerk., Az ásványok és az ember a mai Magyarország területén a XVIII. század végéig. [BibTeX] |
2007 | Archeometriai Műhely 4(3), pp. 62 |
article | URL | |
BibTeX:
@article{Biro2007b,
author = {T. Biró, Katalin},
title = {Könyvismertető - Szakáll Sándor szerk., Az ásványok és az ember a mai Magyarország területén a XVIII. század végéig.},
journal = {Archeometriai Műhely},
year = {2007},
volume = {4},
number = {3},
pages = {62},
url = {http://www.ace.hu/am/2007_3/AM-07-03-kozl.pdf}
}
|
||||||
T. Biró
|
Könyvismertetés - Körlin, Gabriele--Weisgerber, Gerd eds., Stone Age- Mining Age. Proceedings of the VIIIth Flint Symposium [BibTeX] |
2006 | Archeometriai Műhely 3(3), pp. 44-45 |
article | URL | |
BibTeX:
@article{Biro2006konyv,
author = {T. Biró, Katalin},
title = {Könyvismertetés - Körlin, Gabriele--Weisgerber, Gerd eds., Stone Age- Mining Age. Proceedings of the VIIIth Flint Symposium},
journal = {Archeometriai Műhely},
year = {2006},
volume = {3},
number = {3},
pages = {44-45},
url = {http://www.ace.hu/am/2006_3/AM-2006-3-kozl.pdf}
}
|
||||||
T. Biró
|
Az "Erosion and Humidity" program keretében végzett kutatások: Magyarország / Hungarian activities in the framework of the project "Erosion and Humidity" | 2005 | Archeometriai Műhely 2(3), pp. 22-25 |
article | URL | |
| Abstract: In the frames of E&H in Hungary, research on prehistoric and modern construction materials were performed. The focus of research was on classsical building materials, potentially used in different way by prehistoric people (for polished stone tools and other utensils, e.g., grinders, quernstones). Prehistoric building materials (daub) was also investigated. The centre of interest was an important industrial and scientific enterprise of the early 20th century, the sample collection on active stone quarries of coeval Hungary extending now to the territory of 8 countries. In the catalogue published by F. Schafarzik in 1904, altogether 3178 quarries from 2515 localities were presented, by rock type, availability, petrological description, use. Among these, approximately 1000 quarries belong to the territory of present-day Hungary. To all of the rocks suitable for carving (that is, with the exception of loose sedimentary rocks), samples fashioned into regular cubes were attached, worked in different manner on all sides. This sample collection used to serve mainly commercial interest.Unfortunately, during the time passed, most of the cubes were lost. A considerable portion however was preserved, mainly in the Budapest Polytechnical University. In course of the one-year project, 112 stone quarries mentioned in the Schafarzik-catalogue have been visited. We took GPS coordinates, photos and samples. The samples were inspected for possible use in prehistoric and historical times; potential prehistoric raw materials were sampled and further investigated by petrographical and geochemical methods. Possible historical use of the raw materials was noted. We have also visited other quarries and raw material sources known to be important in prehistoric times for special series of analysis, like glassy andesite, varieties of silex, sandstone and clay/loam for daub (prehistoric construction material). Part of the Schafarzik quarries could have served as quarries in the historical, archaeological and prehistoric periods. These quarries were paid special attention to. We cleaned and registered available Schafarzik-cubes at the Budapest Polytechnical University, put them in dust-free boxes. This work is not finished yet. We have deposited newly collected specimens from the quarries in the comparative raw material collection of the Hungarian National Museum (Litotéka), inventorised them and selected samples for further petrographical, chemical etc. analyses.Data from the Schafarzik-catalogue was extracted and registered on Excel-sheets. The most important pieces of information was organised into a web-based data retrieval system with suitable structure to convey field survey and collection data information. The comparative raw materials were inventorised into a new Oracle-based documentation system. Former comparative raw material data (published in two catalogue volumes in 1991 and 2000, respectively) were also retrospectively migrated to this inventory system. Documentation photos on the quarries and the cubes were archived on DVDs and selected characteristic images incorporated to the website. Different types of instrumental analyses were performed both on prehistoric archaeological finds and comparative raw material samples. The analytical techniques involved petrographical thin sections, electron microprobe, promt-gamma activation analysis, neutron activation analysis, X-ray fluorescence analysis, ICP-MS. Mineral-chemistry methods were applied on a series of andesite samples, both on archaeological material and quarry samples, for the first time in support of archaeological provenance studies in Hungary. The evaluation of most of the analytical results is still in progress and will be published in the near future. Some of the potential/known prehistoric quarries were not in use by 1904 already. Notably, flint mines were definitely out of general interest.In the framework of the project, geophysical survey and excavation was devoted to Nagytevel-Quarry (modern limestone quarry with flint nodules; only occurrence of s.s. flint in Hungary. Mining activity was proved here and research is to be continued. The most important data derived from the Schafarzik-catalogue are displayed on a bilingual interactive web site, www.ace.hu/schaf, together with project activity results. |
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BibTeX:
@article{Biro2005,
author = {T. Biró, Katalin},
title = {Az "Erosion and Humidity" program keretében végzett kutatások: Magyarország / Hungarian activities in the framework of the project "Erosion and Humidity"},
journal = {Archeometriai Műhely},
year = {2005},
volume = {2},
number = {3},
pages = {22-25},
url = {http://www.ace.hu/am/2005_3/AM-2005-TBK.pdf}
}
|
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T. Biró
|
Gyűjtemény és adatbázis: eszközök a pattintott kőeszköz nyersanyag azonosítás szolgálatában / Collection-and-Database Approach in the Study of Lithic Raw Material Provenance | 2005 | Archeometriai Műhely 2(4), pp. 46-51 |
article | URL | |
| Abstract: The study of the raw material of chipped stone artefacts is one of the most efficient means for the investigation of the action radius and the system of connections of Palaeolithic and Prehistoric communities. Our ancestors had an excellent knowledge on their environment and the availability and physical qualities of the raw materials suitable for producing their tools. The relevant knowledge formed part of the basic intellectual wealth concerning subsistence. The surface morphology and, as a consequence, accessibility of the sources has changed essentially. Only part of the former sources of raw materials can be reached and even the existing sources are seemingly disappearing. It was in the last of minutes that a team in the Hungarian Geological Institute lead by József Fülöp started a general survey for the collection of applicable prehistoric raw material sources in the 1980-ies. As a result of this survey, most of the raw materials sources previously unknown to international petroarchaeological research were spotted and mapped, reference samples collected. In 1986, on the basis of the collected material, a special reference collection was founded in the Hungarian National Museum called Lithotheca. The collection is systematically increased ever since. In the first years, the collection supported almost exclusively chipped stone raw material studies that was extended first towards polished stone tools and recently also other stone utensils. Regionally, the focus of interest is basically the Carpathian basin and raw materials used within this geographical unit, but in the case of high quality raw materials important in prehistoric trade, the scope extends world-wide. So far, several articles, two printed catalogue volumes, an illustrated bilingual homepage and database on several platforms has been made. The collection serves as an established reference tool, offering valuable material also for different exhibitions. We are gradually increasing the applied instrumental analyses on the material of the collection and control samples of petroarchaeological projects on selected archaeological finds also contribute to the increase of the Collection. |
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BibTeX:
@article{Biro2005c,
author = {T. Biró, Katalin},
title = {Gyűjtemény és adatbázis: eszközök a pattintott kőeszköz nyersanyag azonosítás szolgálatában / Collection-and-Database Approach in the Study of Lithic Raw Material Provenance},
journal = {Archeometriai Műhely},
year = {2005},
volume = {2},
number = {4},
pages = {46-51},
url = {http://www.ace.hu/am/2005_4/AM-2005-4-TBK.pdf}
}
|
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T. Biró
|
Könyvismertetés / Book review Bánffy Eszter: The 6th Millennium BC Boundary in Western Transdanubia and its Role in the Central European Neolithic Transition. Varia Archaeologica Hungarica, 2004 pp. 1-451, ill. 1-174. [BibTeX] |
2005 | Archeometriai Műhely 2(3), pp. 26 |
article | URL | |
BibTeX:
@article{Biro2005konyv,
author = {T. Biró, Katalin},
title = {Könyvismertetés / Book review Bánffy Eszter: The 6th Millennium BC Boundary in Western Transdanubia and its Role in the Central European Neolithic Transition. Varia Archaeologica Hungarica, 2004 pp. 1-451, ill. 1-174.},
journal = {Archeometriai Műhely},
year = {2005},
volume = {2},
number = {3},
pages = {26},
url = {http://www.ace.hu/am/2005_3/AM-2005-3-kozl.pdf}
}
|
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T. Biró
|
Rövid beszámoló a 34. Nemzetközi Archeometriai Szimpóziumról | 2004 | Archeometriai Műhely 1(1), pp. 01-2 |
article | URL | |
| Abstract: The 34th ISA Conference in Zaragoza attracted a large attention and considerable participation of Hungarian scientists, both from Hungary and also abroad. It seemed a good idea to present the contribution of Hungarians in the framework of the Archaeometry Workshop of the HNM; also, the papers serve a good starting point for the new e-journal. The stable interest and large participation is undoubtedly rooted in the possibility to host ISA in Budapest (1998); a lot of new projects, intensification of training and acceptance of archaeometry as standard means for archaeological investigations are among the benefits. The editors of this new journal intend to serve the same objectives by launching this periodical. |
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BibTeX:
@article{Biro2004a,
author = {T. Biró, Katalin},
title = {Rövid beszámoló a 34. Nemzetközi Archeometriai Szimpóziumról},
journal = {Archeometriai Műhely},
year = {2004},
volume = {1},
number = {1},
pages = {01-2},
url = {http://www.ace.hu/am/2004_1/AM-2004-ISA34.pdf}
}
|
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T. Biró
|
A kárpáti obszidiánok: legenda és valóság | 2004 | Archeometriai Műhely 1(1), pp. 03-8 |
article | URL | |
| Abstract: This paper is intended to give a review on the study of Carpathian Obsidian. The name implies the only source region in Central Europe, for long, the only source of archaeological obsidian in Continental Europe. Their archaeological, as well as geological research started in the sixties of the 19th century by the activity of pioneering personalities of Hungarian archaeology, geology and archaeometry. By the late 1970-ies, separation of Carpathian obsidian sources from other sources of European and other Mediterranean sources could be achieved (investigations of Warren and Williams), and intensive studies continued in the past decades. In spite of several publications devoted to the subject, there are still a lot of clearly erroneous views lingering in technical literature concerning the location of the sources and allocation of archaeological specimens. The first review of the author on the Carpathian obsidian was published in 1981: in the meantime, several research groups performed smaller or bigger research series on related finds, using various methods of analysis (NAA, EDS, XRF, FTD, PIXE-PIGE and recently, PGAA). Collection of obsidian distribution was completed using reference data as well as analysis of various assemblages dating from Middle Palaeolithic to Iron Age. Distribution maps were compiled for specific periods using percentage values. Access strategies, political implications could be claimed on the basis of changes in distribution areas. The present study contains a review of recent achievements, prepared for the project IGCP-442 (Raw Materials of Neolithic Artifacts) as well as in the frames of the project "Raw material atlas Non-metallic prehistoric raw materials on the territory of Hungary and adjacent regions" (OTKA- T 025086). |
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BibTeX:
@article{Biro2004b,
author = {T. Biró, Katalin},
title = {A kárpáti obszidiánok: legenda és valóság},
journal = {Archeometriai Műhely},
year = {2004},
volume = {1},
number = {1},
pages = {03-8},
url = {http://www.ace.hu/am/2004_1/AM-2004-TBK.pdf}
}
|
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T. Biró and Szilágyi
|
Annotated bibliography of Hungarian pottery archaeometrical studies / Magyarországi kerámia-archeometriai kutatások bibliográfiája [BibTeX] |
2007 | Archeometriai Műhely 4(2), pp. 55-78 |
article | URL | |
BibTeX:
@article{BiroSzilagyi2007,
author = {T. Biró, K. and Szilágyi, V.},
title = {Annotated bibliography of Hungarian pottery archaeometrical studies / Magyarországi kerámia-archeometriai kutatások bibliográfiája},
journal = {Archeometriai Műhely},
year = {2007},
volume = {4},
number = {2},
pages = {55-78},
url = {http://www.ace.hu/am/2007_2/AM-2007-02-annot.pdf}
}
|
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T. Biró et al.
|
Új adatok a Kárpát-medence régészeti radiolarit forrásainak ismeretéhez / New data on the characterisation of radiolarite sources of the Carpathian Basin | 2009 | Archeometriai Műhely 6(3), pp. 25-44 |
article | URL | |
| Abstract: Radiolarite is a siliceous rock formed in the bathyal region - deep sea and ocean environment. It is composed of Radiolaria, unicellular organisms with siliceous skeletal elements. Radiolarians as a taxon have a long range, they are known since the Palaeozoic till recent times. In rock-forming quantities, however, they are typical of the Mesozoic period. As raw material for chipped stone tools, radiolarite is frequently used. On the average, it is the most frequent component of lithic inventories in Hungary and even more, in Transdanubia. There are macroscopically separable types among the radiolarites, mainly on the basis of colour and other physical properties. They are currently named after the most characteristic geological source locality. It remains a question though, how much the 'raw material types' represent really different sources; how variability within each source is reflected in the archaeological lithic material and how much we can separate regional varieties, supported by objective methods of analysis. It is also imperative to know radiolarites from sources outside the present territory of Hungary that may have played a role in the raw material supply and 'fingerprint' the individual sources and regions. One of the basic aims of the current TéT project was to get more information on these issues. The paper presented will survey current state of art in respect of radiolarite sourcing studies in the Carpathian Basin as a result of the Croatian-Hungarian collaboration project. As a result, new analytical data and characteristic major element distributions of radiolarite raw materials from Gerecse, Bakony and Mecsek mountains are published. By the comparison with chemical data on archaeological radiolarite artefacts from sites in Hungary, Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina, preliminary suggestions for the provenance of archaeological radiolarites are provided. Stone tools of sites in the Gerecse and at Nadap are possibly originated from the Gerecse source. Radiolarite artefacts of site Vörs may be related to raw material of Bakony. Archaeological finds of Szálka site have similar chemical character to the Mecsek raw materials. Chert artefacts of Fajsz can not be directly connected neither to the Mecsek nor to the Gerecse source. Chipped stone tools from Croatia and Bosnia can not be compared chemically to the radiolarite types of Hungary. However, the carbonate-free Bosnian radiolarite seems to serve as a potential ?new? raw material source. o serve as a potential ?new? raw material source. |
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BibTeX:
@article{BiroETAL2009_3,
author = {T. Biró, Katalin and Szilágyi, Veronika and Kasztovszky, Zsolt},
title = {Új adatok a Kárpát-medence régészeti radiolarit forrásainak ismeretéhez / New data on the characterisation of radiolarite sources of the Carpathian Basin},
journal = {Archeometriai Műhely},
year = {2009},
volume = {6},
number = {3},
pages = {25-44},
url = {http://www.ace.hu/am/2009_3/AM-09-03-TBK.pdf}
}
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T. Dobosi
|
Kódok és lyukszegélykártyák. Vértes László módszere az őskőkori leletek feldolgozására / Codes and punch-cards. Methods used by Vértes for the elaboration of Palaeolithic material | 2008 | Archeometriai Műhely 5(2), pp. 01-6 |
article | URL | |
| Abstract: The scientific elaboration of Palaeolithic materials attracted methods of quantitative analysis from a relatively early time. This type of analysis should rely on a unified and consequent method of data acquisition and processing. By the application of punch cards, the most modern methodology before the general availability of computers, László Vértes set good examples on the largest Hungarian Palaeolithic assemblages of the time, Tata and Vértesszőlős. |
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BibTeX:
@article{Dobosi2008,
author = {T. Dobosi, Viola},
title = {Kódok és lyukszegélykártyák. Vértes László módszere az őskőkori leletek feldolgozására / Codes and punch-cards. Methods used by Vértes for the elaboration of Palaeolithic material},
journal = {Archeometriai Műhely},
year = {2008},
volume = {5},
number = {2},
pages = {01-6},
url = {http://www.ace.hu/am/2008_2/AM-08-02-TDV.pdf}
}
|
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T. Dobosi
|
Tűzhelyek Vértesszőlősön / Hearth places at the Lower Palaeolithic site Vértesszőlős | 2006 | Archeometriai Műhely 3(3), pp. 01-7 |
article | URL | |
| Abstract: Vértesszőlős, excavated between 1963 and 1968 by László Vértes is still the richest authentically excavated Lower Palaeolithic site in Hungary. The finds were embedded partly in calcareous tuff, partly in loess between the tuff layers, in undisturbed condition forming intact settlement layers. The varied and large quantity of scientific evidence made the minute reconstruction of the living and inorganic environment possible. The geomorphological, faunistical and botanical evidence dated the site to the period of the interstadial of the second glaciation in Central European sense (Mindel period) till the end of the same glaciation. The absolute chronology of this period varies amidst wide boundaries, depending on the applied methods. Among the 8900 pebble tools found on the site, 5800 could be classified into formal typological categories. The nonstandardised tools are basically split pebbles of geometric base forms. The average length of the tools is 26- 28 mm. Apart from the archaeological material, the most remarkable features of the settlement were fireplaces. On both settlement surfaces (Sites I. and III.) several hearths of 30- 40 cm diameter were excavated. According to the reconstruction, the fire formed by natural forces on the territory rich in wood was preserved in a special manner. The fireplaces, originally constructed of wood, were covered with fatty animal bones cut to 3- 5 cm large pieces. This solution gave a more lasting fire, that needed less care and gave more heat. The hearths were found close to the walls of the tetarata basins of 10- 12 m diameter or at the deepest points of the basins. On some of the burnt bones with better state of preservation we can find cutmarks originating from stone- tools during the de- fleshing of the bones. |
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BibTeX:
@article{Dobosi2006,
author = {T. Dobosi, Viola},
title = {Tűzhelyek Vértesszőlősön / Hearth places at the Lower Palaeolithic site Vértesszőlős},
journal = {Archeometriai Műhely},
year = {2006},
volume = {3},
number = {3},
pages = {01-7},
url = {http://www.ace.hu/am/2006_3/AM-2006-03-TDV.pdf}
}
|
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Taubald and T. Biró
|
Archaeometrical analysis of Neolithic pottery and comparison to potential sources of raw materials in the immediate environment of the settlements' - A first summary of the MÖB-DAAD exchange program | 2007 | Archeometriai Műhely 4(2), pp. 01-4 |
article | URL | |
| Abstract: The project we give an account about is the second archaeometrical research project between the Tübingen University and the Hungarian National Museum, with contributions from Institute for Geochemical Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Isotopes, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Geochemical Research Institute, Hungarian Academy of Sciences and the Budapest University of Technology and Economics. The first project (2001-2002), initiated by Judit Zöldföldi, was centred on the study of Roman marble and yielded important data on decorative stones of the Roman empire within the Carpathian Basin (Zöldföldi et al. 2004). The second project focussed on pottery, notably the earliest pottery production at various parts of Hungary. New excavation material from different geographical and geological environment was selected. Apart from pottery proper, we have investigated soil samples from the site environs and the closest likely sources of highquality potter's clay. In two field seasons, altogether 10 sites were sampled by shallow hand-drilled boreholes. The collected sediments as well as representative number of Early Neolithic, Middle Neolithic and Copper Age sherds were investigated by petrographical, mineralogical and geochemical methods. As a result, we could get an overview on the variety of earliest prehistoric pottery, regional differences and production techniques. We could compare ceramics, daub and local sediments and define different strategies of pottery production and give a reference library of data for further studies on pottery petrography. An overview of the project is presented here. |
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BibTeX:
@article{TaubaldBiro2007,
author = {Taubald, Heinrich and T. Biró, Katalin},
title = {Archaeometrical analysis of Neolithic pottery and comparison to potential sources of raw materials in the immediate environment of the settlements' - A first summary of the MÖB-DAAD exchange program},
journal = {Archeometriai Műhely},
year = {2007},
volume = {4},
number = {2},
pages = {01-4},
url = {http://www.ace.hu/am/2007_2/AM-2007-02-HT.pdf}
}
|
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Taubald and T. Biró
|
"Archaeometrical analysis of Neolithic pottery and comparison to potential sources of raw materials in their immediate environment" - Application of new analytical, non-destructive X-ray techniques and Sr isotope measurements | 2005 | Archeometriai Műhely 2(2), pp. 01-4 |
article | URL | |
| Abstract: In collaboration of Tübingen University and the Hungarian National Museum, archaeological and geological samples from different Neolithic excavation sites and their geographical surroundings will be investigated, the a new MÖB-DAAD project lasts from 2005 to 2006. All sites are located in Hungary and have ample scientific evidences. State of the art analytical methods will be applied to evaluate the history of pottery production (question of on-site production or transportation), usage of raw material (geochemical and/or petrological correlation between clay deposits and pottery) and production processes (e.g. firing temperatures, temper). Analytical details and applicability of Sr-isotope method and a new non destructive XRF technique are described. In addition, different XRF methods are compared, including a non destructive method. |
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BibTeX:
@article{TaubaldBiro2005,
author = {Taubald, Heinrich and T. Biró, Katalin},
title = {"Archaeometrical analysis of Neolithic pottery and comparison to potential sources of raw materials in their immediate environment" - Application of new analytical, non-destructive X-ray techniques and Sr isotope measurements},
journal = {Archeometriai Műhely},
year = {2005},
volume = {2},
number = {2},
pages = {01-4},
url = {http://www.ace.hu/am/2005_2/AM-2005-2-HT.pdf}
}
|
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Teľak-Gregl and Burić
|
Kora-neolitikus közösségek kőeszközeinek archeometriai vizsgálata Prompt Gamma Aktivációs Analízissel | 2009 | Archeometriai Műhely 6(3), pp. 1-4 |
article | URL | |
| Abstract: After two initial years of work on Hungarian-Croatian project "Archaeometrical research of lithic raw materials for early Neolithic prehistoric communities with the help of Prompt Gamma Activation Analysis, with special regard to radiolarites and obsidians", this paper brings part of its outcomes: current achievements and guidelines for future steps from Croatian perspective. The very first petrographical analyses of Neolithic obsidian and radiolarites excavated on Croatian soil were covered with this research. Also, a few accessible samples from Bosnia and Herzegovina were also processed for a first time. Authors suggest a potential obsidian data-base in which all (or part of) known information of analysed samples would be stored and accessible via Internet. |
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BibTeX:
@article{TezakGregl&Buric2009_3,
author = {Teľak-Gregl, Tihomila and Burić, Marcel,},
title = {Kora-neolitikus közösségek kőeszközeinek archeometriai vizsgálata Prompt Gamma Aktivációs Analízissel},
journal = {Archeometriai Műhely},
year = {2009},
volume = {6},
number = {3},
pages = {1-4},
url = {http://www.ace.hu/am/2009_3/AM-09-03-MB.pdf}
}
|
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Theodoridou
|
A Székesfehérvári Romkert építőköveinek előzetes petrográfiai vizsgálata a műemlékvédelem problémái szempontjából / Preliminary petrographic investigation of building stones in the Székesfehérvár Ruin Garden, Hungary. | 2007 | Archeometriai Műhely 4(3), pp. 53-60 |
article | URL | |
| Abstract: The Székesfehérvár Ruin Garden is a unique assemblage of cultural heritage in Hungary. It is comprised of a provostal church, dedicated to Virgin Mary, royal tombs and related ecclesial and lay buildings. Its construction begun approximately in 1018 by King Stephen I, the first King of the Hungary?s Christian kingdom and it used to serve as a burial and coronation church for Hungarian Kings. Between the 11th-15th centuries it was reconstructed several times. The Turkish occupation (1543-1688) was the beginning of the destruction of the church assemblage, which went on by using it as a storage facility and even as a quarry until its final demolition by the current bishop and the municipality during the 18th -19th centuries. First excavations were carried out in the 19th century. The National Office for the Protection of Historic Monuments started the geological investigation of the territory in 1995. The present research takes part in a new microregional research plan of the Hungarian National Museum in frames of science for conservation. Four fieldworks contributed to a deeper comprehension of the ruins. The existing drawings of the site are modified and enhanced in order to help the presentation and documentation of the research. The proposed research topic is based on the identification, characterisation and weathering of building stone used in the different phases of the construction. The next step of the research was the sampling process. After a macroscopic investigation, the samples were specifically treated according to their individual characteristics in order to proceed to the procedure of thin-section making. General petrographic characteristics were achieved by microscopic investigation, carried out with polarising microscope. The main identified rock types are: I) calcareous sandstone and sandy limestone, II) fossiliferous limestone, III) red fossiliferous micritic limestone, IV) marble, V) rhyolite and VI) red sandstone. In the future, further investigations will lead to the creation of a map depicting the identified lithotypes, a geographical map highlighting their possible origins and a map of decay. The research will be completed by the selection of few rock types. The main criteria for this selection will be the distribution of the material in the construction and the common decay phenomena. Preceding researches that are relevant to the topic will be also taken into account. Further analysis will be carried out as X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), as well as physical and mechanical measurements and tests. The main characteristics will be discussed and correlated to the decay forms, in order to achieve a general strategic approach based on a diagnosis that could represent a tool for the conservation of the monument. |
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BibTeX:
@article{Theodoridou2007,
author = {Magdalini Theodoridou},
title = {A Székesfehérvári Romkert építőköveinek előzetes petrográfiai vizsgálata a műemlékvédelem problémái szempontjából / Preliminary petrographic investigation of building stones in the Székesfehérvár Ruin Garden, Hungary.},
journal = {Archeometriai Műhely},
year = {2007},
volume = {4},
number = {3},
pages = {53-60},
url = {http://www.ace.hu/am/2007_3/AM-07-03-MT.pdf}
}
|
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Tóth
|
River archaeology - a new field of research [BibTeX] |
2006 | Archeometriai Műhely 3(1), pp. 61-66 |
article | URL | |
BibTeX:
@article{Toth2006,
author = {Tóth, Attila J.},
title = {River archaeology - a new field of research},
journal = {Archeometriai Műhely},
year = {2006},
volume = {3},
number = {1},
pages = {61-66},
url = {http://www.ace.hu/am/2006_1/AM-2006-1-AT.pdf}
}
|
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Tóth et al.
|
Vértesszőlősi égett csontok analitikai vizsgálata / Analytical investigation of burned bones from Vértesszőlős | 2006 | Archeometriai Műhely 3(3), pp. 08-14 |
article | URL | |
| Abstract: Black-coloured animal bones found in radial arrangement possibly forming a fire place in the Vértesszőlős I. archaeological site were studied to reveal to origin of darkening. Crystallinity index and sizes of crystallites calculated from X-ray diffraction profiles of bone apatite are higher in the black-coloured parts than in the yellow-coloured portions of the same bones. Increase in crystallinity supports that burning as a short, but relatively high temperature heating initiated the recrystallization of bone apatite. Burning, however, might slow down further alterations in the burnt bones during diagenesis, since the highest crystallinity index was measured in a non-burnt, white-coloured bone found at the Vértesszőlős site. The black- and yellow-coloured bone parts have similar chemical composition according to electron microprobe measurements. Staining due to pyrite, iron or manganese oxides and hydroxides was not detected. The dark colour of bones is therefore due to elemental carbon oxidized from organic carbon during burning, which indicates at least 300 to 350oC heating temperature. |
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BibTeX:
@article{TothETAL2006,
author = {Tóth, Mária and Dobosi, Gábor and Bajnóczi, Bernadett},
title = {Vértesszőlősi égett csontok analitikai vizsgálata / Analytical investigation of burned bones from Vértesszőlős},
journal = {Archeometriai Műhely},
year = {2006},
volume = {3},
number = {3},
pages = {08-14},
url = {http://www.ace.hu/am/2006_3/AM-2006-03-TM.pdf}
}
|
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Tóth and Márton
|
Műtárgyak vizsgálata LIBS spektroszkópiával / LIBS analysis of arts objects | 2010 | Archeometriai Műhely 7(2), pp. 141-148 |
article | URL | |
| Abstract: Accurate analysis of arts objects has increasing importance in recent restoration and preservation methods. The Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) can be used to determine the atomic composition of the surface of arts objects by removing a thin layer using laser ablation. The method is non-destructive, quick, accurate, easy to handle, and in most cases there is no need for pre-sampling. In the present paper it will be shown, that the chemometrical method called Principal Component Analysis (PCA) contributes strongly to the evaluation of the LIBS spectra. The so called matrix effect, i.e. the presence and interaction of different species in the sample and thus in the plasma, influences the LIBS spectra. It makes their evaluation more complicated. On the other hand ? as it is shown below ? it gives opportunity to draw additional inferences above the qualitative atomic composition of the sample. With the help of the combined LIBS-PCA method we differentiated between pigments of very similar composition (malachite, copper-acetate). Aged and fresh (touch dry) paint samples of the same composition have also been distinguished, and differences between spectra of paint mixtures differing only in the ratio of the applied pigments have been shown. Furthermore, examples for analysis of ceramic glazes and metallic object will be presented. |
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BibTeX:
@article{Toth&Marton2010_2,
author = {Tóth, Tamás Ferenc and Márton, Zsuzsanna},
title = {Műtárgyak vizsgálata LIBS spektroszkópiával / LIBS analysis of arts objects},
journal = {Archeometriai Műhely},
year = {2010},
volume = {7},
number = {2},
pages = {141-148},
url = {http://www.ace.hu/am/2010_2/AM-10-02-TM.pdf}
}
|
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Uzonyi
|
Ionnyaláb és röntgenanalitikai módszerek alkalmazása művészeti tárgyak és régészeti leletek vizsgálatára / Application of Ion Beam and X-Ray Analytical Techniques for the investigation of Art and Archaeological objects | 2007 | Archeometriai Műhely 4(3), pp. 11-18 |
article | URL | |
| Abstract: This paper summarizes the main features of the non-destructive Ion Beam Analysis (IBA) and X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) methods for museologists. It gives an overview about their application in the field of art and archaeological objects. The author describes the main facilities and instruments installed at the Ion Beam Applications (IBA) laboratory of ATOMKI in detail. The characteristics of analytical methods used in the laboratory are described and compared, as well. The capability of the IBA methods is demonstrated by some examples. |
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BibTeX:
@article{Uzonyi2007,
author = {Uzonyi, Imre},
title = {Ionnyaláb és röntgenanalitikai módszerek alkalmazása művészeti tárgyak és régészeti leletek vizsgálatára / Application of Ion Beam and X-Ray Analytical Techniques for the investigation of Art and Archaeological objects},
journal = {Archeometriai Műhely},
year = {2007},
volume = {4},
number = {3},
pages = {11-18},
url = {http://www.ace.hu/am/2007_3/AM-07-03-UI.pdf}
}
|
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Veres et al.
|
Az ócsai láp archeomalakológiai vizsgálata - a Pomatias elegans első radiokarbon adatokkal korolt holocén előfordulása Magyarországon / First radiocarbon-dated Holocene record of Pomatias elegans in Hungary | 2011 | Archeometriai Műhely 8(2), pp. 181-196 |
article | URL | |
| Abstract: The Selyemrét of Ócsa is located on the northern part of the Duna-Tisza Interfluve at the transitional zone of two landscapes with different morphological characters. At the boundary of the Duna-Tisza Interfluve and the Dunamenti Plain in Bács-Kiskun County a marshland sequence can be found from Hajós to Ócsa. Since there have been environmental historical analysis on the southern part of the area earlier, we extended our research project to the bog of Ócsa as well. The bog of Ócsa is located in a former pool formed by the Danube River in which eolic sand and thick lake sequence deposited from the end of the Pleistocene. The initial oligotrophic lake became mesotrophic, therefore thick carbonate sediment deposited. Afterwards, as a consequence of the Neolithic human populations the natural development of the lake changed drastically and the lake filled up. The pollen and quarter malacological analysis of the area support the mentioned geological processes. |
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BibTeX:
@article{Veres2011_2,
author = {Veres, Zsolt and Sümegi, Pál and Törőcsik, Tünde},
title = {Az ócsai láp archeomalakológiai vizsgálata - a Pomatias elegans első radiokarbon adatokkal korolt holocén előfordulása Magyarországon / First radiocarbon-dated Holocene record of Pomatias elegans in Hungary},
journal = {Archeometriai Műhely},
year = {2011},
volume = {8},
number = {2},
pages = {181-196},
url = {http://www.ace.hu/am/2011_2/AM-11-02-VZS.pdf}
}
|
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Vicze
|
In memoriam - Poroszlai Ildikó [BibTeX] |
2005 | Archeometriai Műhely 2(1), pp. 69-70 |
article | URL | |
BibTeX:
@article{Vicze2005,
author = {Vicze, Magdolna},
title = {In memoriam - Poroszlai Ildikó},
journal = {Archeometriai Műhely},
year = {2005},
volume = {2},
number = {1},
pages = {69-70},
url = {http://www.ace.hu/am/2005_1/AM-2005-1-kzl.pdf}
}
|
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Vörös
|
Sümeg-Mogyorós dombi őskori kovabánya agancsleletei / Antler finds from the Sümeg-Mogyorós domb prehistoric quarry | 2007 | Archeometriai Műhely 4(1), pp. 19-30 |
article | URL | |
| Abstract: The mining activity at Sümeg Mogyorós-domb can be dated to the second half of the Neolithic period (Bácskay- Vörös 1980. 41, 1986). The vertebrate fauna of the prehistoric flint mine, excavated between 1958 and 1983 comprises 486 pieces of animal bones (Table 1). 461 remains of Cervus elaphus (red deer) were found: skull fragments (3), antler with skull and pedicle (19), antler or antler fragments (431) postcranial bone fragments (8 : 5 tibia diaph. fr, metapodium dist. trochlea fr, 2 os ph. I. fr). All the antlers and antler fragments found in the flint mine can be considered mining tools (Bácskay-Vörös 1980). Antler with skull fragment was obtained by active hunting while cast antler was collected. The topographical distribution of the 252 red deer antlers within the excavation shows two focal areas within the flint mine, i.e., the largest shafts at the central and the northern territory (Fig. 1.). No intact antlers were found. The parts of the antler tools were cut by stone tools, carving, breaking and so-called "string cut". The distribution of the antler parts is shown on Table 2, the dimensions of the individual antler regions are demonstrated on Tables 3-12. The relevant regions of the antler are demonstrated on Fig. 2. The beam of the Sümeg red deer antlers are of medium thickness. The number of the tines is low. Among the 75 antler beams and bases there are 67 antlers with brow tine and bez tine. Among the intact antler crowns the most typical form is finger-like, less typically, chalice-form. The number of tines for the finger-like types was twelve-fourteen, the calcite-like forms had fourteen-sixteen tines. The red deer antlers from Sümeg, Mogyorós-domb were compared in morphology and size to the Budapest, Farkasrét-Denevér street flint mine and show good agreement (Table 13.). Both flint mines had the "eastern-type prehistoric" - maraloid - red deer. This is a further argument for the Neolithic/Copper Age dating of the Denevér street mine. The antlers were cut bay carving or "string-cutting". Antler resists least, similar to bone, to grinding and polishing. However, they were generally exposed to this in prehistory. At the Sümeg flint mine, approximately 100 pairs of antler were used. The antlers were cut on spot. The tool kit comprised percussion tools, picks, wedges, chisels and multi-functional tools. The beam of the antler (Region A) was mainly used as hammer, and only the beam (C) could be used to extract silex nodules. In general habitation context, e.g. at Aszód Late Neolithic settlement, the most important agrarian tools were antler hoe (81 pieces) and antler chisel (end of planting stick?, 65 pieces, see Table 16.). |
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BibTeX:
@article{Voros2007a,
author = {Vörös, István},
title = {Sümeg-Mogyorós dombi őskori kovabánya agancsleletei / Antler finds from the Sümeg-Mogyorós domb prehistoric quarry},
journal = {Archeometriai Műhely},
year = {2007},
volume = {4},
number = {1},
pages = {19-30},
url = {http://www.ace.hu/am/2007_1/AM-2007-01-VI1.pdf}
}
|
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Vörös
|
Egy archaeozoológiai rekonstrukciós módszer: állatcsont-maradványok Kretzoi-féle felosztása / Reconstruction in archaeozoology: division of animal bones according to Kretzoi's method | 2007 | Archeometriai Műhely 4(1), pp. 31-36 |
article | URL | |
| Abstract: The traditional faunistical elaboration of archaeozoological assemblages reached their limits by the 1960-ies. The accumulated finds presented as "one period, one region" smudged the differences in the character of sites of different types. This approach could not give a clue to the utilisation of individual animal species. Realising the problem, Miklós Kretzoi made an essay to serve archaeological interpretation with more data on the basis of a methodology worked out for the Érd Middle Palaeolithic open air hunters' camp. The grouping of the animal remains suggested follow the natural anatomical order, i.e., listing them together as head, trunk and limbs (Table 1). Archaeological zoology can base mainly on the anatomical distribution of the bone remains. By grouping the bones according to anatomical categories show us, if the animal was taken to the camp as a whole, or, which part(s) of the animal was(were) brought to the site - skinned, for meat or for hide etc. The evenly distributed bones of large mammals indicate local hunting / butchering, the deficient skeleton indicates the transport of the animal in details only, i.e., more distant hunting and butchering. The lack of terminal bones indicate utilisation of meat, their mass occurrence speaks for the utilisation of the hide. The grouping of skeletal parts was elaborated originally for large Pleistocene mammals. In more recent periods, however, the butchering practice has also changed. Therefore, in the case of subfossil bones in prehistory or antiquity, some parts (bones) can belong to different categories of body regions. (Table 2.). Dividing the percentage of body regions found on the site by that of the natural body regions (standard - occurring in the skeletal frame) we get a value termed Q. This value is characteristic of the dominance relations of the individual body regions (Table 5.). A generally used method of meat quality characterisation on the archaeological bones was suggested by Uerpmann (Table 3.). The two methods for grouping the archaeozoological material are similar in many ways but give different results in many respects. To demonstrate this, data by L. Daróczi-Szabó (2002) are used on cattle utilisation at Buda Castle (Table 4, Teleki Palace, 8th well). The body region distribution data are the following: trunk (38,9 %), meaty limbs (35,5 %), dry limbs (11,2 %),head (8,7 %) and phalangi (5,7 %) in decreasing order. Considering relative dominance values, Q, the accumulation of meaty limbs surpasses expected values 4 times, head 3 times the natural (anatomical) values, while, the number of trunk bones is 3/4, the dry limbs are only 1/2 and the terminal bones are present only in 1/3 of the expected value. Following the Uerpmann's division of the animal bones (Tables 4., 5.) we are facing a human interpretation according to nutrition habits of a given period. The "high", "medium" or "low" culinary merits of certain types of meat depend on culture and show great variation in time and space. The application of the two methods can be complementary and both fit well into a complex zooarchaeological investigation. |
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BibTeX:
@article{Voros2007b,
author = {Vörös, István},
title = {Egy archaeozoológiai rekonstrukciós módszer: állatcsont-maradványok Kretzoi-féle felosztása / Reconstruction in archaeozoology: division of animal bones according to Kretzoi's method},
journal = {Archeometriai Műhely},
year = {2007},
volume = {4},
number = {1},
pages = {31-36},
url = {http://www.ace.hu/am/2007_1/AM-2007-01-VI2.pdf}
}
|
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Vörös
|
In memoriam Kretzoi Miklós (1907-2005) [BibTeX] |
2005 | Archeometriai Műhely 2(1), pp. 51-52 |
article | URL | |
BibTeX:
@article{Voros2005,
author = {Vörös, István},
title = {In memoriam Kretzoi Miklós (1907-2005)},
journal = {Archeometriai Műhely},
year = {2005},
volume = {2},
number = {1},
pages = {51-52},
url = {http://www.ace.hu/am/2005_2/AM-2005-2-kozl.pdf}
}
|
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Zámolyi
|
Új elektronikus információ forrás - A georeferált Második Katonai Felmérés [BibTeX] |
2006 | Archeometriai Műhely 3(3), pp. 41-42 |
article | URL | |
BibTeX:
@article{Zamolyi2006,
author = {Zámolyi, András},
title = {Új elektronikus információ forrás - A georeferált Második Katonai Felmérés},
journal = {Archeometriai Műhely},
year = {2006},
volume = {3},
number = {3},
pages = {41-42},
url = {http://www.ace.hu/am/2006_3/AM-2006-3-kozl.pdf}
}
|
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Zöldföldi
|
Fehér márványok sikeres eredetmeghatározásának feltételei (avagy a sikertelen eredetmeghatározás okai) / Conditions for successful provenance studies of white marbles | 2009 | Archeometriai Műhely 6(4), pp. 37-52 |
article | URL | |
| Abstract: I wish to present a synthesis of experience from previous measurements regarding the provenance study of marbles; to explain different methods, techniques and their combination of successful provenancing; and to draw the attention to some avoidable, typical mistakes, which I discovered during my studies. As a basic condition, it is important to examine the processes that can affect the samples during and after quarrying, and change the original characteristics. Therefore, it is necessary to reconstruct the ˝history˝ of the given sample, to know where and when it was changed; e.g., when the sample is displayed to high temperature, which can influence some parameters (e.g. isotope ratios). Conservation and/or restoration work can affect the correctness of results, i.e. originality of fingerprint parameters. Sampling has also a basic role in provenancing studies. In ideal case, the samples are homogenous. In practice, this is never the case. Thus, we have to pay attention to inhomogeneities, i.e. the spatial changes of features. These parameters can dispose characters useful for provenance studies (e.g. color; texture/bandness; appearance of accessory minerals in aggregated or diffused form; and inhomogeneity of the grain size distribution). These determining features derive from the original protolith of the marble. However, surface weathering can also cause inhomogeneity. To avoid this problem it is useful to take samples from deeper layers. Artificial inhomogeneities can be the results of restoration and conservation, such as surface treatments, antic or recent replacements on the artwork. Another case of artificial modification is achieved during the creation of the artworks. Another important fact is the chemical and physical effect of the iron staples and pins on the marble, which helped to hold together the statues. Archeologists, head of excavations, museum curators decide about the method of sampling and their main goal is of course not to destruct the artwork, or just as little as possible. We reached an important point here, in that we have powder or a bulk sample for further studies. The next question is selecting appropriate methods. In the followings, the possible results of combined analysis of powder (drilled) samples are discussed. The advantages, but also the obstacles of the most widely applied method, stable C and O isotope analyses will be explained. Furthermore, the advantages and disadvantages of 87Sr/ 86Sr isotopic ratios are discussed, also the subject to the used analytical method, like ICP-MS or TIMS. The results of the isotopic analysis can be verified and completed with chemical measurement; however, its disadvantage is that the different methods provide information about different elements with different sensitivity. The ideal case for investigation is when ? instead of powder sample ? a representative bulky part (or drilling core) of the object can be separated and analytical methods like quantitative textural analyses (QTA) and cathodoluminescence investigations can be carried out. |
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BibTeX:
@article{Zoldfoldi2009_4,
author = {Zöldföldi, Judit},
title = {Fehér márványok sikeres eredetmeghatározásának feltételei (avagy a sikertelen eredetmeghatározás okai) / Conditions for successful provenance studies of white marbles},
journal = {Archeometriai Műhely},
year = {2009},
volume = {6},
number = {4},
pages = {37-52},
url = {http://www.ace.hu/am/2009_4/AM-09-04-ZJ.pdf}
}
|
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Zöldföldi et al.
|
Honnan származik a lápisz lazuli? Roncsolás mentes eredetvizsgálat prompt gamma aktivációs analízis segítségével | 2004 | Archeometriai Műhely 1(1), pp. 16-22 |
article | URL | |
| Abstract: Lapis lazuli is one of the oldest of all precious stones, with a history going back as far as 7000 years or more in the past. Lapis lazuli has been highly valued for thousands of years. It was often inserted into jewels, carvings, amulets and talismans that were believed to have occult powers. Archaeological objects made of lapis lazuli are widely distributed in the ancient East and some date back as early as the second half of the fourth millennium B.C. in Central Asia. Although considerable attention has been previously payed to the mineralogy of lapis lazuli, the new non-destructive analytical techniques offer wider perspectives to the archaeometry research. Knowledge of the elemental composition, including major and trace elements may provide clues concerning the provenance and raw materials. PGAA is one of the new candidates to answer these questions. In this project we succeeded to collect lapis lazuli samples from the most relevant quarries in the world. Rock samples from Afghanistan, from Lake Baikal, from Chile and from Ural Mountains have been investigated. With PGAA we were able to detect the major components, H, Na, Ca, Al, Si, S, Cl, K, and the accessory elements Mg, Fe, Mn. In addition, the trace elements of B, Sc, Cr, Co, Sm and Gd were identified. According to some characteristic element ratios the samples from Afghanistan and Baikal are more or less overlapping, while the samples from Ural and Chile are definitely different from the others. This paper also attempts to determine the origin of the natural ultramarine, based on provenance analysis on lapis lazuli by PGAA and complementary FTIR Spectroscopy. |
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BibTeX:
@article{ZoeldfoeldiETAL2004a,
author = {Zöldföldi, Judit and Kasztovszky, Zsolt and Mihály, Judith and Sophie Richter},
title = {Honnan származik a lápisz lazuli? Roncsolás mentes eredetvizsgálat prompt gamma aktivációs analízis segítségével},
journal = {Archeometriai Műhely},
year = {2004},
volume = {1},
number = {1},
pages = {16-22},
url = {http://www.ace.hu/am/2004_1/AM-2004-ZJ2.pdf}
}
|
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Zöldföldi et al.
|
Római márványtöredékek vizsgálata a Magyar Nemzeti Múzeum gyűjteményéből | 2004 | Archeometriai Műhely 1(1), pp. 40-46 |
article | URL | |
| Abstract: During the archaeological excavation of the Roman military fortress Heténypuszta (SW Hungary) 860 marble fragments were found, used in a secondary manner for the construction of the Late Roman fortress. Heténypuszta used to belong to the province Pannonia Valeria. The marble fragments originated most probably from memorial stones of a heathen cemetery. The fragments are now in the collection of the Hungarian National Museum. This study is the first large-scale effort for the determination of the origin of marble of Roman period from the territory of Hungary. More than 80 samples from several Austrian, Slovenian, Romanian and Macedonian marble quarries, crystalline limestone of marble-like quality from Hungary (Polgárdi Limestone) and so far 18 samples from archaeological objects were investigated. Besides of the archaeological and historical approaches, more and more scientific methods have been developed to analyse various types of historical artefacts. In order to determine the origin, mineral composition (by petrographical thin section and X-ray diffraction), stable isotope geochemical analysis (? 13C and ? 18O), trace element analysis (AAS), cathodoluminescence methods and quantitative textural analysis were applied. Two groups of archaeological objects were distinguishable based on their petrographical properties, trace element amounts and stable isotope compositions. One of them belongs probably to the marble quarries Puppitsch/Kraig or Tiffen in Austria/Carinthia. The second group seems to be derived from the Gummern, Sekull, Tiffen, Treffen group (Austria/Carithia), but some overlapping occurs with Polgárdi (Hungary) and Slovenska Bistrica (Slovenia). The provenance analysis makes possible some implications on ancient trade relations, as well as political and economical background of the construction activity. The quality of the applied material of archaeological objects gives us information about the economical and social situation of the population. The framework of the project was supplied by the bilateral scientific collaboration project DAAD and MÖB. |
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BibTeX:
@article{ZoeldfoeldiETAL2004b,
author = {Zöldföldi, J. and Pintér, F. and Székely, B. and H. Taubald and T. Biró, K. and Mráv, Zs. and Tóth, M. and M. Satir and Kasztovszky, Zs. and Szakmány, Gy.},
title = {Római márványtöredékek vizsgálata a Magyar Nemzeti Múzeum gyűjteményéből},
journal = {Archeometriai Műhely},
year = {2004},
volume = {1},
number = {1},
pages = {40-46},
url = {http://www.ace.hu/am/2004_1/AM-2004-ZJ1.pdf}
}
|
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Zöldföldi et al.
|
MissMarble - egy archeometriai, m?vészettörténeti és m?emlékvédelmi célú, internet-alapú, interdiszciplináris adatbázis / Interdisciplinary data base of marble for archaeometric, art historian and restoration use | 2008 | Archeometriai Műhely 5(3), pp. 41-50 |
article | URL | |
| Abstract: After a four-year-long development phase the MissMarble database, a system managing measurement results of archeological and geological samples of marble, is ready to be used. The system provides a user-friendly, interactive user interface. The data bank contains data about more than 1600 samples, further 1300 samples are about to be added currently. In this paper we present the isotope-geochemical subsystem of the data bank. In some cases the values of the stable (?13C and ?18O) isotope ratios are separable from those of the other marble occurrences, though the overlapping of the distributions is by far more typical. The same applies to the strontium (87Sr / 86Sr) isotope ratios. However, the integrated application of the three isotopic ratios often clarifies the provenance of the sample. |
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BibTeX:
@article{ZoeldfoeldiETAL2008,
author = {Zöldföldi, Judit and Hegedüs Péter and Székely Balázs},
title = {MissMarble - egy archeometriai, m?vészettörténeti és m?emlékvédelmi célú, internet-alapú, interdiszciplináris adatbázis / Interdisciplinary data base of marble for archaeometric, art historian and restoration use},
journal = {Archeometriai Műhely},
year = {2008},
volume = {5},
number = {3},
pages = {41-50},
url = {http://www.ace.hu/am/2008_3/AM-08-03-ZJ.pdf}
}
|
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Zöldföldi and Székely
|
Kísérlet a nyugat-anatóliai tektonikai egyégek kvantitatív textúraelemzésen alapuló szétválasztására régészeti származásvizsgálati szempontból | 2004 | Archeometriai Műhely 1(1), pp. 23-27 |
article | URL | |
| Abstract: Plenty of analytical methods were introduced to clarify provenance problems of white marble artefacts and building materials. The goal of all these techniques is to determine individual features of different marble quarries or at least to cluster them into reasonable groups with localised geographic origin. The study presented here is a part of a multi-method investigation technique, developed to clarify Western Anatolian white marble provenance questions. Beside of the instrumental analytical investigations the analysis of fabric became a key technique in the last years. The quantitative texture analysis (QTA), the combination of the quantitative fabric analysis and extraction of fractal properties of the calcite grain boundaries was applied on Western Anatolian white marbles. The advantage of the QTA is that it can be performed on the same thin section as used for cathodoluminescence microscopy and therefore requires no extra material. Thin sections of marble samples from different Western Anatolian occurrences were prepared and digitally enhanced images of these thin sections were processed. Various parameters from the images themselves and from vectorised contours of grain boundaries were calculated. Based on the distribution of the derived parameters the rock samples were grouped into distinct categories. These clusters represent different tectonic and geological units. Having defined the grouping criteria for the rock samples, this categorisation was then applied to the thin sections of archaeological artefacts determining the supposed provenance. The results were compared to categorisations based on other methods like isotope geochemistry, trace element analysis, and cathodoluminescence investigation. These techniques mutually support each other resulting in clearly defined provenance groups and provide an opportunity to organise them into a decision tree scheme. The decision tree paves the way towards a logically set of analytical techniques avoiding unnecessary analytical steps: the digital imaging and feature extraction methods provide quantitative values, therefore parameter intervals can be defined for different provenance groups. |
||||||
BibTeX:
@article{ZoeldfoeldiSzekely2004,
author = {Zöldföldi, Judit and Székely, Balázs},
title = {Kísérlet a nyugat-anatóliai tektonikai egyégek kvantitatív textúraelemzésen alapuló szétválasztására régészeti származásvizsgálati szempontból},
journal = {Archeometriai Műhely},
year = {2004},
volume = {1},
number = {1},
pages = {23-27},
url = {http://www.ace.hu/am/2004_1/AM-2004-SZB.pdf}
}
|
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Újvári et al.
|
Előzetes adatok a Gödöllői-dombság porfelhalmozódási és őskörnyezeti viszonyaihoz az utolsó 30 ezer évben / Preliminary data to dust accumulation and paleoenvironmental conditions at the Gödöllő Hills during the last 30 kyr | 2011 | Archeometriai Műhely 8(2), pp. 175-180 |
article | URL | |
| Abstract: The Mende loess-palaeosol sequence is one of the type profiles in Hungary, which records the evolution of middle and late Pleistocene environments at the Gödöllő Hills. A rudimentary age-depth model has been created for the youngest part (30 kyr) of the profile by using previous TL-IRSL data. According to this model, the mean sedimentation rate (SR) was ca 0.51 mm/yr, while the dust flux amounted to 761 g/m2/yr during the final stage of loess accumulation (12?28 kyr, MIS2) at the study site, referring to the fact that this part of the basin must have been a ?hot spot? of dust accumulation. Shells of 18,931 individuals representing 33 species were found in 129 samples taken from the profile in 10 cm resolution. The mesophilous species (Pupilla muscorum, Vallonia costata) and the warm-loving Pupilla triplicata occur frequently in the mollusc assemblages implying prevalent open, semi-arid/arid environments during loess formation. Significant increase of wetland, cold-tolerant species and ecotone and closed forest preferring elements could be observed in more consecutive samples in several phases. Some dominance peaks of cryophilous species (Vallonia tenuilabris, Pupilla sterri) likewise occur mainly in the first half (ca 20-28 kyr) of the period studied, indicating cold climatic conditions (TJuly: 12-14 °C) in these phases. By contrast, the other extreme of palaeo-temperatures can be characterized by July maximum values as high as 18-19 °C. The regional and/or global (ice cores) correlation of fluctuations mentioned above is not possible owing to the poor age-depth model. |
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BibTeX:
@article{Ujvari2011_2,
author = {Újvári, Gábor and Páll, Gergely Barna and Varga, György},
title = {Előzetes adatok a Gödöllői-dombság porfelhalmozódási és őskörnyezeti viszonyaihoz az utolsó 30 ezer évben / Preliminary data to dust accumulation and paleoenvironmental conditions at the Gödöllő Hills during the last 30 kyr},
journal = {Archeometriai Műhely},
year = {2011},
volume = {8},
number = {2},
pages = {175-180},
url = {http://www.ace.hu/am/2011_2/AM-11-02-UG.pdf}
}
|
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©oąić-Klindľić
|
Problems of siliceous rock terminology in Croatian archaeology / A kovakőzetek nevezéktanával kapcsolatos problémák a horvát régészetben | 2010 | Archeometriai Műhely 7(3), pp. 191-194 |
article | URL | |
| Abstract: This paper will give a short overview on the problems concerning terminology of siliceous rocks in archaeological context in Croatian language. Short history of the use of specific terms will be presented, as well as some discrepancies in use of certain terms in archaeological and geological context. |
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BibTeX:
@article{Sosic2010_3,
author = {©oąić-Klindľić, Rajna},
title = {Problems of siliceous rock terminology in Croatian archaeology / A kovakőzetek nevezéktanával kapcsolatos problémák a horvát régészetben},
journal = {Archeometriai Műhely},
year = {2010},
volume = {7},
number = {3},
pages = {191-194},
url = {http://www.ace.hu/am/2010_3/AM-10-03-RSK.pdf}
}
|
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©oąić-Klindľić
|
General characteristics of Starčevo sites and its lithic assemblages included in TéT project / A TéT program keretében vizsgált Starčevo lelőhelyek és kőeszköz leletegyüttesek ismertetése | 2009 | Archeometriai Műhely 6(3), pp. 15-18 |
article | URL | |
| Abstract: In this project samples from 6 archaeological sites in Croatia were analysed (Zadubravlje, Galovo, Virovitica- Brekinja, Đakovo ?Ivandvor, Đakovo-Tomaąanci and Cernička ©agovina). All of them belong to Starčevo culture. Each site will be presented with its general characteristics, position in relative and/or absolute chronology within Starčevo culture, and settlement composition. Lithic assemblages from sites will be compared to establish differences or similarities in typology and phases of production. |
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BibTeX:
@article{Sosic2009_3,
author = {©oąić-Klindľić, Rajna},
title = {General characteristics of Starčevo sites and its lithic assemblages included in TéT project / A TéT program keretében vizsgált Starčevo lelőhelyek és kőeszköz leletegyüttesek ismertetése},
journal = {Archeometriai Műhely},
year = {2009},
volume = {6},
number = {3},
pages = {15-18},
url = {http://www.ace.hu/am/2009_3/AM-09-03-RSK.pdf}
}
|
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Created by JabRef on 15/01/2012.